Figure 2.

(a) The morphology change of RAW 264.7 cells visualized by optical microscopy (×400). Arrow bars indicate lipopolysaccharide-induced activated RAW 264.7 cells and dotted arrows indicate restored Raw 264.7 cells with the flavonoids. (b) Antioxidative effects of flavonoids: DPPH radical remaining after adding the flavonoids was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The cells were pretreated for 1 h with the indicated concentrations of flavonoids, followed by stimulation with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Data shown are the mean ± standard deviation. Three independent experiments were conducted, and differences between mean values were assessed by Student's t-test. *P < 0.05.