Table 4. Summary of main findings of Chinese herbal medicine for improving clinical outcomes of patients with in.

Herbal medicine compared with no other treatment for women with in vitro fertilization
Patient or population: women with infertility
Settings: Department of gynecology
Intervention: herbal medicine combined with in vitro fertilization
Comparison: in vitro fertilization
Outcomes	Illustrative comparative risks * (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	No of Participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Assumed risk [control]	Corresponding risk [herbal medicine]
clinical pregnancy rate [4–5 weeks afterembryo transfer]	[362] per 1000	[532] per 1000 ([477] to [590])	OR [2.04] ([1.68] to [2.49])	[1721] ([20])	⊕⊕⊝⊝ low	There were substantial and unclear or high risks with the studies as well as publication bias (according to funnel plot analysis)
ongoing pregnancy rate [2 weeks afterembryo transfer]	[301] per 1000	[442] per 1000 ([325] to [602])	OR [1.91] ([1.17] to [3.10])	[296] ([3])	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low	This data must be interpreted with great caution as the included trials are generally of poor quality and there are small numbers of trials which individually report a relatively small sample size

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds Ratio GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.

^*The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of herbal medicine (and its 95% CI).

High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.

Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.

Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.

Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.