Table 1. Summary statistics (N=25 unique studies).
| Study characteristic | Number (percent) or median (interquartile range) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Country of origin | ||
| Nigeria | 9 | (36) |
| South Africa | 5 | (20) |
| Tanzania | 3 | (12) |
| Other† ¶ | 8 | (32) |
| Number of study participants | 227 | (144-500) |
| Population | ||
| Antenatal | 10 | (40) |
| Postnatal | 15 | (60) |
| Study setting‡ | ||
| Outpatient | 17 | (68) |
| Community | 10 | (40) |
| Inpatient | 2 | (8) |
| Instrument assessed‡ | ||
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | 16 | (64) |
| General Health Questionnaire | 3 | (12) |
| K6/K10 | 3 | (12) |
| Hopkins Symptom Checklist | 2 | (8) |
| Other | 10 | (40) |
| Type of evidence provided‡ | ||
| Criterion-related validity | 21 | (84) |
| Reliability | 15 | (60) |
| Construct validity | 9 | (36) |
| Content validity | 7 | (28) |
| Internal structure | 4 | (16) |
† Includes Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia (2 studies), Ghana, Morocco, Zimbabwe (2 studies)
‡ Percentages may not add up to 100, as categories are not mutually exclusive
¶ Includes a 14-item instrument designed to screen for Malady ya Souci (a locally identified syndrome) [51], Beck Depression Inventory [73], Dar-es-Salaam Symptom Questionnaire [52], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [74], Maternity Blues Scale [75], Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [76], Patient Health Questionnaire [77], Self-Reporting Questionnaire [78], Shona Symptom Questionnaire [49], and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale [79].