Table 2.
Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; ERK, p38, JNK, ERK5) in microglia, astrocytes, and satellite glial cells (SGCs) in different pain conditions.
| Pain conditions | Microglia | Astrocytes | SGCs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nerve injury | |||
| P-ERK | ↗ | ↗ | ↗ |
| P-p38 | ↗ | ↗ | |
| P-JNK | ↗ | ||
| P-ERK5 | ↗ | ||
| SCI | |||
| P-ERK | ↗ | ||
| P-p38 | ↗ | ||
| Paw incision | |||
| P-p38 | ↗ | ||
| Inflammation | |||
| P-ERK | ↗ | ↗ | |
| P-p38 | ↗ | ||
| P-JNK | ↗ | ||
| Bone cancer | |||
| PERK | ↗ | ↗ | |
| P-p38 | ↗ | ||
| P-JNK | ↗ | ||
| Skin cancer | |||
| P-JNK | ↗ | ||
| Diabetes | |||
| P-ERK | ↗ | ||
| P-p38 | ↗ | ||
| Chronic opioid | |||
| P-ERK | ↗ | ||
| P-p38 | ↗ |
Detailed, with related references, in Section 2.2.
SCI = spinal cord injury.
Symbols: Right-upward diagonal arrow (↗) denotes upregulation; right&left horizontal arrow (↔) denotes no regulation; right-downward diagonal arrow (↘) denotes downregulation.