. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013 Aug 6;19(12):10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.018. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.018

Table 1.

Demographic information and general characteristics of the study subjects.

Information	Controls (n=40)	PD (n=40)	P - value
Age (years)	58 ± 6	59 ± 7	0.85
Sex (male/female)^†	19/21	21/19	0.82
Education (years)	16 ± 3	15 ± 3	0.41
MMSE score	29.6 ± 0.8	29.4 ± 1	0.32
Disease durationzzz (yrs.)	0	3.1 ± 3.2	n.a.
Levodopa Equivalent Dose (mg/day)	0	322.1 ± 244.4	n.a.
UPDRS-III	0.9 ± 2.1	17.7 ± 10.7	<0.0001^*
Hoehn & Yahr stage	n.a.	1.8 ± 0.7	n.a.
Hamilton Depression Score	3.8 ± 2.1	7.4 ± 3.9	<0.0001^*
Dementia Rating Scale II	12.9 ± 1.7	12.9 ± 1.7	0.95

Demographic information is shown as mean ± standard deviation. P-values were derived from a simple one-way analysis of variance comparing the two groups, except for

^†

that was derived using Fisher’s Exact test.

All comparisons were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. [MMSE = Mini Mental Status Examination; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III.]