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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Oct 9;12(12):10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0719. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0719

Figure 3.

Figure 3

RRD-251 enhances the effects of gemcitabine. A, Chemical structure of gemcitabine. B, Gemcitabine has no effect on L3.6plGemRes cell proliferation and do not demonstrate PARP cleavage in the presence of gemcitabine when compared to parental gemcitabine-sensitive L3.6pl. C, L3.6pl and L3.6plGemRes pancreatic cancer cells treated with RRD-251 demonstrated a significant decrease in cell viability/proliferation with a augmented inhibitory effect noted with gemcitabine combination (*p <0.001). D, L3.6plGemRes cells treated with combination RRD-251 and gemcitabine demonstrated robust PARP cleavage (upper panel). There was a decrease in anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and increase in pro-apoptotic protein Bax (middle panel). RRD-251 significantly inhibits anchorage-independent growth of L3.6plGemRes cells and enhances the effects of gemcitabine chemotherapy (lower panel). RRD-251 significantly inhibited the migratory (E) and invasive (F, qualitative upper panel, quantitative lower panel) ability of metastatic variant L3.6pl and gemcitabine-resistant L3.6plGemRes while demonstrating further inhibition of invasion with the addition of gemcitabine (p< 0.001).