Retrieval and extinction of recently acquired fear do not require changes in pCREB or PKA-dependent signaling. A, Top, Freezing levels during the final extinction session for each group. Bottom, Although freezing levels were much lower for the day 6 group, the number of pCREB+ cells was similar among naive, day 3, and day 6 groups; *p < 0.01. B, Representative sections showing immunostaining of pCREB+ cells in layer 2/3 of RSC. Scale bar, 125 μm. C, Inhibition of PKA via Rp-cAMPs had no effect on retrieval of recent fear memory. D, PKA inhibition had no effect on extinction of recently acquired fear. Arrows indicate post-extinction infusions.