Table1.

Incidence of AIDS and non-AIDS defining malignancies in HIV positive individuals and the influence of ART.

Cancer Type	Mean Standardized Incidence Ratio (Range)			Incidence Rate per 100 000 Person-years
	Pre ART Era	Early ART Era	Late-ART Era	0–6 mos post-ART initiation	6mo-1 Ovr post-ART intiation
AIDS Defining Cancers
Kaposi Sarcoma	1555.5 (246 – 2628.5)	448.3 (47.8 – 848.8)	317.1 (22.9 – 572)	1342	164
Non-hodgkin lymphoma	537.3 (103 – 1011.8)	260.4 (26.7 – 494.4)	107.3 (16.2 – 212.2)	357	134
Non-hodgkin lymphoma (CNS)				160	24
Cervical	69.8 (8.4 – 149.9)	99.2 (3.7 – 194.6)	88 (41.5 – 134.5)	n/a	n/a
Non-AIDS Defining Cancers
Anal	44.5 (19 – 97.9)	90.1 (48.3 – 112.0)	78.4 (44 – 141.4)	72	69
Hodgkin lymphoma	16.5 (4.5 – 34.3)	28.9 (11.1 – 54.7)	36.4 (20.7 – 64.4)	144	47
Liver	9.1 (0 – 19.9)	17.5 (5.9 – 35.9)	13.7 (6.1 – 35.4)	18	39
Lung	24.3 (0 – 91.9)	33.2 (2.8 – 93.8)	23.5 (2.4 – 84.9)	54	56
Prostrate	5.3 (0 – 14.7)	13.3 (0 – 38.0)	9.9 (0 – 37.5)	22	58
Breast	19.1 (0.6 – 56.0)	35.5 (1.2 – 69.9)	32.5 (0.6 – 96.0)	177	122
Head and neck	9.2 (1.4 – 29.0)	12.1 (2.2 – 31)	10.6 (1.5 – 36.9)	n/a	n/a
Melanoma	4.4 (0 – 15.6)	8.5 (0 – 24.8)	10.7 (0.6 – 37.5)	n/a	n/a
HPV-related cancers				108	103

The mean standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated by averaging SIR reported in several studies of cancer risk in persons with HIV.(Dal Maso et al., 2009; Franceschi et al., 2010; Patel et al., 2008; Powles et al., 2009) The pre ART era covers the years prior to 1996, the early ART era covers 1996–2001, and the late ART era covers 2002–2007, though there is some overlap between the studies. The incidence ratios of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), both AIDS defining cancers, decrease considerably from the pre ART era to the late ART era. This is not seen with cervical cancer. In a separate study, administration of ART for >6 months reduced the incidence of both KS and NHL while no difference in incidence of HPV-related malignancies was noted.(Yanik et al., 2013)