Table 1.
Self-reported Characteristics at Randomization According to Multivitamin Treatment Assignment of 5,947 Participants Aged ≥ 65 Years Participating in the Cognitive Substudy of the Physicians’ Health Study II*
| Characteristics | Multivitamin | |
|---|---|---|
| Active | Placebo | |
| Participants, No. | 2,980 | 2,967 |
| Age, mean, (SD), y | 71.6 (6.0) | 71.6 (5.9) |
| Age, y | ||
| 65–74 | 2,129 (71.4) | 2,146 (72.3) |
| 75–85 | 790 (26.5) | 757 (25.5) |
| ≥85 | 61 (2.1) | 64 (2.2) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.8 (3.2) | 25.7 (3.3) |
| Alcohol intake | ||
| Rarely or never | 559 (18.9) | 521 (17.6) |
| ≥1 drink/mo | 2,404 (81.1) | 2,436 (82.4) |
| Cigarette smoking | ||
| Never | 1,453 (48.8) | 1427 (48.1) |
| Former | 1,417 (47.6) | 1431 (48.3) |
| Current | 107 (3.6) | 106 (3.6) |
| Vigorous Exercise ≥ 1/wk | ||
| No | 1,214 (41.2) | 1,196 (40.9) |
| Yes | 1,733 (58.8) | 1,728 (59.1) |
| Hypertension | ||
| No | 1,387 (46.7) | 1,359 (45.9) |
| Yes | 1,585 (53.3) | 1,602 (54.1) |
| High cholesterol | ||
| No | 1,744 (59.2) | 1,685 (57.6) |
| Yes | 1,203 (40.8) | 1,239 (42.4) |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||
| No | 2,724 (91.5) | 2,737 (92.4) |
| Yes | 253 (8.5) | 225 (7.6) |
| History of MI | ||
| No | 2,818 (94.6) | 2,799 (94.4) |
| Yes | 162 (5.4) | 167 (5.7) |
| History of stroke | ||
| No | 2,897 (97.2) | 2,899 (97.7) |
| Yes | 83 (2.8) | 68 (2.3) |
| History of angina | ||
| No | 2,702 (90.7) | 2,674 (90.1) |
| Yes | 278 (9.1) | 293 (9.9) |
| History of depression | ||
| No | 2,704 (91.1) | 2,687 (91.0) |
| Yes | 263 (8.9) | 265 (9.0) |
| Fruit and Vegetable Intake, servings/d†, mean (SD) | 4.9 (2.6) | 4.9 (2.9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); MI, myocardial infarction; SD, standard deviation.
*
Data are No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. All variables defined as of PHSII randomization. The numbers do not always sum to group totals due to missing information for some variables. P > 0.05 for all comparisons between multivitamin and placebo groups.
†
Among 5,575 with available dietary data on fruit and vegetable intake.