Table 5.

Mean Difference in Cognitive Decline in Global Score between Multivitamin and Placebo Groups: Effect Modification by Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline

Characteristics*	Difference in Cognitive Decline†, Mean (95% CI) Multivitamin group – Placebo group	P for interaction‡
Age at first cognitive assessment (years)
< 74	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.02)	0.50
≥74	0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)
Cognitive performance at first assessment
Below median	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	0.26
Above median	−0.03 (−0.06, 0.01)
Cigarette smoking
Never	0.01 (−0.04, 0.05)	0.25
Ever	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.02)
Alcohol Consumption
Rare or Never	−0.04 (−0.11, 0.03)	0.38
≥1 drink/mo	−0.00 (−0.04, 0.03)
Body mass index
<30	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)	0.57
≥30	−0.04 (−0.15, 0.07)
Diabetes
Yes	−0.04 (−0.15, 0.08)	0.64
No	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)
Hypertension
Yes	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)	0.99
No	−0.01 (−0.05, 0.04)
High cholesterol
Yes	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)	0.56
No	−0.00 (−0.04, 0.04)
Folate (w/o supplements)§
<279 mcg/d	0.01 (−0.08, 0.10)	0.67
≥279 mcg/d	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)
Folate (w/supplements)§
<279 mcg/d	0.02 (−0.08, 0.11)	0.67
≥279 mcg/d	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)
Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/d)
<4	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)	0.31
4–7	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)
7+	0.05 (−0.03, 0.13)
History of depression
Yes	−0.08 (−0.18, 0.02)	0.142
No	−0.00 (−0.04, 0.03)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval.

^*Characteristics as of randomization unless otherwise noted.

^†From longitudinal models of least-squares means of change in cognitive performance from the initial assessment, and averaged over follow-up.

^‡P-value for interaction from testing effect modification in longitudinal models.

^§Cutoff for low folate intake was determined from intakes found to be significantly associated with elevated homocysteine in the Framingham study (64).