Table 2.

Summary of pharmacological actions of Spilanthes acmella.

SL. no.	Pharmacological activity	Parts of plant used	Experimental models	Animals used	References
1	Local anaesthetic	Whole plant	Intracutaneous wheal in guinea pigs and plexus anaesthesia in frog	Guinea pig, frog	[19]
2	Antipyretic activity	Whole plant	Yeast induced pyrexia	Albino rats	[19]
3	Anti-inflammatory activity	Whole plant, leaves	Carrageenan induced paw oedema	Albino rats	[22, 31]
4	Analgesic activity	Whole plant	Tail flick method, acetic acid induced abdominal constriction	Albino rats	[22]
5	Antifungal activity	Flowers	—	—	[23]
6	Diuretic activity	Flowers (cold water extract), whole plant	Induction of dieresis using cold water extract	Albino rats	[24, 25]
7	Vasorelaxant activity	Flowers	Partially endothelium induced nitric oxide and PGI2	Albino rats	[30, 31]
8	Antioxidant activity	Leaves & whole plant	DPPH Assay, TBARs and SOD method	Invitro, no animal	[30, 31]
9	Pancreatic lipase inhibition	Flowers	—	Invitro, no animal	[29]
10	Antimalarial & larvicidal activity	Spilanthol extracted from whole plant	—	Eggs & pupae of vector	[37]
11	Aphrodisiac activity	Whole plant	—	Male rats	[1]
12	Antinociceptive activity	Whole plant	Acetic acid induced writhing	Mice	[31]
13	Immunomodulatory activity	Whole plant	—	Rats	[36]
14	Bioinsecticidal	Whole plant, leaves	—	—	[2, 12, 32]
15	Convulsant	Whole plant	Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis	Albino rat	[25]