Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Cure rate
RCT	33 women In review	Cure rate 15/15 (100%) with ofloxacin (oral then IV) plus metronidazole 7/18 (39%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin	RR 1.06 95% CI 0.95 to 1.18 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	115 women In review	Cure rate 46/55 (84%) with cefoxitin plus doxycycline 52/60 (87%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin	RR 0.97 95% CI 0.83 to 1.12 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	198 women In review	Cure rate 75/94 (80%) with cefoxitin plus doxycycline 87/104 (84%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin	RR 0.95 95% CI 0.84 to 1.09 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	130 women In review	Cure rate 64/67 (96%) with cefoxitin plus doxycycline 57/63 (90%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin	RR 1.06 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16 Overall effect size RR 1.01 95% CI 0.93 to 1.08 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	131 women In review	Cure rate 49/64 (77%) with ceftriaxone plus doxycycline 57/67 (85%) with ciprofloxacin plus clindamycin	RR 0.90 95% CI 0.76 to 1.07 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	148 women In review	Cure rate 73/75 (97%) with cefoxitin plus doxycycline 70/73 (96%) with clindamycin plus tobramycin	RR 1.02 95% CI 0.96 to 1.08 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	249 women In review	Cure rate 75/121 (62%) with cefoxitin plus probenecid plus doxycycline 80/128 (63%) with ofloxacin	RR 0.99 95% CI 0.82 to 1.20 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	62 women In review	Cure rate 30/31 (97%) with cefoxitin plus doxycycline 28/31 (90%) with clindamycin plus amikacin	RR 1.07 95% CI 0.94 to 1.22 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	79 women In review	Cure rate 38/40 (95%) with cefoxitin plus doxycycline 36/39 (92%) with clindamycin plus tobramycin	RR 1.03 95% CI 0.98 to 1.08 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	72 women In review	Cure rate 34/35 (97%) with cefoxitin plus probenecid plus doxycycline 35/37 (95%) with ofloxacin	RR 1.03 95% CI 0.93 to 1.13 Overall effect size RR 1.02 95% CI 0.97 to 1.06 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	25 women In review	Cure rate 13/15 (87%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin 10/10 (100%) with ciprofloxacin	RR 0.87 95% CI 0.71 to 1.06 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	76 women In review	Cure rate 38/40 (95%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin 33/36 (92%) with ceftazidime plus doxycycline	RR 1.04 95% CI 0.92 to 1.17 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	68 women In review	Cure rate 34/35 (97%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin 33/33 (100%) with ciprofloxacin (plus clindamycin in one women)	RR 0.97 95% CI 0.92 to 1.03 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	84 women In review	Cure rate 40/40 (100%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin 41/44 (93%) with meropenem	RR 1.07 95% CI 0.99 to 1.16 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	77 women In review	Cure rate 39/40 (98%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin plus doxycycline 37/37 (100%) with imipenem plus cilastin (plus doxycycline in some women)	RR 0.98 95% CI 0.93 to 1.02 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	58 women In review	Cure rate 21/29 (72%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin 23/29 (79%) with cefotaxime	RR 0.91 95% CI 0.68 to 1.22 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	30 women In review	Cure rate 14/14 (100%) with clindamycin plus gentamicin 15/16 (94%) with ciprofloxacin	RR 0.98 95% CI 0.90 to 1.07 Overall effect size RR 1.00 95% CI 0.96 to 1.04 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	81 women In review	Cure rate 10/42 (24%) with amoxicillin/clavulanate 9/39 (25%) with amoxicillin plus aminoglycoside plus metronidazole	RR 1.03 95% CI 0.47 to 2.27 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	20 women In review	Cure rate 2/10 (20%) with ampicillin plus metronidazole 10/10 (100%) with doxycycline plus oxytetracycline/tetracycline plus metronidazole	RR 0.20 95% CI 0.06 to 0.69 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor	Large effect size	doxycycline plus oxytetracycline/tetracycline plus metronidazole
RCT	44 women In review	Cure rate 20/22 (91%) with amoxicillin/clavulanate 19/22 (86%) with ampicillin (or amoxicillin) plus gentamicin plus metronidazole	RR 1.05 95% CI 0.85 to 1.30 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	60 women In review	Cure rate 28/30 (93%) with ampicillin 28/30 (93%) with cefoxitin	RR 1.00 95% CI 0.87 to 1.14 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	33 women In review	Cure rate 17/18 (94%) with doxycycline plus amoxicillin/clavulanate 15/15 (100%) with ofloxacin plus amoxicillin/clavulanate	RR 0.94 95% CI 0.84 to 1.06 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	47 women In review	Cure rate 22/23 (97%) with ampicillin 18/24 (75%) with doxycycline	RR 1.28 95% CI 1.00 to 1.63 Overall effect size RR 1.05 95% CI 0.91 to 1.22 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	34 women In review	Cure rate 14/16 (88%) with imipenem plus cilastatin 18/18 (100%) with meropenem	RR 0.88 95% CI 0.73 to 1.05 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	36 women In review	Cure rate 16/19 (84%) with cefoxitin 14/17 (82%) with cefotaxime	RR 1.02 95% CI 0.76 to 1.37 Overall effect size RR 0.95 95% CI 0.87 to 1.04 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	64 women In review	Cure rate 42/44 (95%) with lymecycline 9/20 (45%) with clindamycin	RR 2.12 95% CI 1.30 to 3.46 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor	Moderate effect size	lymecycline
RCT	79 women In review	Cure rate 40/40 (100%) with azithromycin plus metronidazole 38/39 (97%) with azithromycin	RR 0.89 95% CI 0.50 to 1.57 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	36 women In review	Cure rate 14/20 (70%) with doxycycline plus metronidazole 15/16 (94%) with ciprofloxacin	RR 0.75 95% CI 0.55 to 1.02 Overall effect size RR 0.80 95% CI 0.52 to 1.24 The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	741 women with PID, without pelvic or tubo-ovarian abscess	Resolution of signs and symptoms 5–24 days post-treatment 262/289 (90.7%) with ofloxacin plus metronidazole 248/275 (90.2%) with moxifloxacin alone	Difference +0.5% 95% CI –5.7% to +4.0% The review reported that overall trial quality was poor		Not significant
RCT	669 women with uncomplicated acute PID	Clinical cure rate (defined as reduction of ≥70% in severity score and normal temperature and leukocyte count) 2–14 days post-treatment 222/342 (64.7%) with oral moxifloxacin for 14 days 212/326 (65%) with oral doxycycline plus oral metronidazole for 14 days plus one oral ciprofloxacin dose	P >0.05		Not significant
RCT	669 women with uncomplicated acute PID	Clinical success rate (defined as clinical cure or improvement i.e., <70% reduction but >30% plus normal temperature and leukocyte count) 21–35 days post-treatment 206/343 (60%) with oral moxifloxacin for 14 days 191/326 (59%) with oral doxycycline plus oral metronidazole for 14 days plus one oral ciprofloxacin dose	P >0.05		Not significant
RCT	120 women with mild PID treated in an outpatient setting	Cure rate (defined as absence or reduction of pelvic tenderness as compared to baseline pain levels) day 14 42/58 (72%) with doxycycline 56/62 (90%) with azithromycin plus placebo	P = 0.01		azithromycin
RCT	120 women with mild PID treated in an outpatient setting	Cure rate (defined as reduction of >70% on VAS) day 14 23/42 (55%) with doxycycline 35/56 (63%) with azithromycin plus placebo	P = 0.53		Not significant
RCT	120 women with mild PID treated in an outpatient setting	Cure rate (defined as reduction of >70% on modified McCormack pain scale) day 14 13/42 (31%) with doxycycline 21/56 (38%) with azithromycin plus placebo	P = 0.52		Not significant
RCT	460 women with PID with no pelvic or tubo-ovarian abscess on pelvic ultrasonography and at laparoscopic examination, not requiring intravenous treatment	Clinical cure rate (>70% reduction in tenderness score on McCormack scale, apyrexia, and WBC <10,500/mm3) 7–14 days post-treatment 163/228 (71.5%) with oral moxifloxacin for 14 days 171/232 (73.7%) with oral levofloxacin plus oral metronidazole for 14 days	P >0.05		Not significant
RCT	460 women with PID with no pelvic or tubo-ovarian abscess on pelvic ultrasonography and at laparoscopic examination, not requiring intravenous treatment	Clinical cure rate (>70% reduction in tenderness score on McCormack scale, apyrexia, and WBC <10,500/mm3) 28–42 days post-treatment 166/228 (72.8%) with oral moxifloxacin for 14 days 169/232 (72.8%) with oral levofloxacin plus oral metronidazole for 14 days	Significance not assessed