Table 1.
Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Injury Related to Drinking from Case-control and Usual-Frequency Case-crossover Analysis, and ORs from Control-crossover Analysis, by Study Location and Pooled Estimates
| Studies | No. injured (No. exposeda) | No. not injured (No. exposeda) | Case-control ORs (95%CIs) | Case-crossover ORs (95%CIs) | Control-crossover ORs (95%CIs) | Case-crossover Adj ORsb (95%CIs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Francisco, CA, US | 550 (191) | 1,276 (199) | 2.6 (2.1–3.3) | 5.7 (4.6–7.0) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 3.2 (2.4–4.1) |
| Contra Costa, CA, US | 1,001 (190) | 1,363 (194) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 2.9 (2.4–3.4) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Kaiser hospital, CA, US | 410 (34) | 546 (39) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) |
| Jackson, MS, US | 275 (62) | 739 (48) | 3.0 (1.9–4.5) | 7.8 (5.4–11.1) | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | 3.5 (2.2–5.6) |
| Santa Clara, CA, US | 288 (44) | 988 (62) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | 3.0 (2.1–4.4) | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) |
| Mexico City, Mexico | 1,609 (434) | 533 (43) | 3.0 (2.2–4.3) | 24.0 (20.8–27.8) | 4.1 (2.8–5.9) | 5.9 (4.0–8.7) |
| Acapulco, Mexico | 342 (99) | 289 (30) | 3.0 (1.9–4.8) | 29.5 (21.8–39.9) | 4.4 (3.0–6.5) | 6.7 (4.1–10.9) |
| Pachuca, Mexico | 668 (96) | 727 (20) | 4.1 (2.5–6.9) | 18.1 (13.5–24.3) | 3.4 (2.1–5.6) | 5.3 (3.1–9.5) |
| Alberta, Canada | 335 (96) | 494 (44) | 3.6 (2.4–5.3) | 7.6 (5.7–10.0) | 2.3 (1.7–3.2) | 3.2 (2.1–5.0) |
| Quebec, Canada | 263 (41) | 387 (52) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 3.6 (2.5–5.1) | 3.5 (2.6–4.7) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) |
| Barcelona, Spain | 1,683 (262) | 679 (88) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) |
| Triste, Italy | 303 (118) | 157 (37) | 1.8 (1.1–2.8) | 2.9 (2.2–3.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) |
| Mar del Plata, Argentina | 378 (85) | 417 (44) | 1.9 (1.2–2.8) | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) |
| Warsaw, Poland | 507 (45) | 205 (6) | 2.8 (1.1–6.8) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | 1.5 (0.6–3.8) | 1.5 (0.6–4.0) |
| Sosnowiec, Poland | 421 (67) | 306 (19) | 2.4 (1.4–4.2) | 3.7 (2.8–4.9) | 2.8 (1.6–4.7) | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) |
| Pooled estimatec | 2.1 (1.6–2.7) | 4.7 (2.6–8.5) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8) | 2.1 (1.5–3.1) |
a
Injured and not injured patients are exposed to acute drink if they consumed alcohol 6-hour before their injury or illness events
b
Adjusted ratios are case-crossover ORs divided by control-crossover ORs
c
Pooled random effects from meta-analysis.