Table 1.

Reference anthropometric parameters for the adult male and female as obtained from various literature sources and the values realized in the final UF hybrid phantoms.

		Reference values		UF Hybrid phantoms
Anthropometric parameters		Male	Female	Male	RE (%)	Female	RE (%)
Height	Standinga	176.0	163.0	176.0	0.0	163.0	0.0
	Sittingb	91.9	86.1	92.0	0.1	85.5	−0.7
Length	Total armc	80.1	73.5	80.9	1.0	72.9	−0.8
Circumference	Headd	57.2	56.1	57.4	0.3	56.2	0.3
	Necke	36.6	31.4	36.8	0.5	31.9	1.4
	Waistb	92.5	87.1	92.1	−0.4	88.8	2.0
	Buttockf	96.0	97.6	96.0	0.0	95.6	−2.0
Breadth	Biacromialf	40.8	36.4	39.8	−2.5	35.8	−1.6

^aICRP89

^bNHANES IV (1999-2002)

^cUS Army anthropometric data survey (1989)

^dEichorn and Bayley (1962)

^eANTHROKIDS (1977)

^fNHANES III (1988-1994)