Table 2.
Summary of organ masses within two computational phantoms of the adult reference male: (1) UF Hybrid-NURBS and (2) UF Hybrid-Voxel. These organ masses are then compared to those in ICRP Publication 89 by organ, organ system, and for total body tissues (exclusive of walled-organ content), and total body mass (inclusive of wall-organ content).
| Organ System | Density | Comment | Target Volume | UFH - NURBS | UFH - Voxel | ICRP 89 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g/cm3) | (ICRU 46) | (cm3) | mass (g) | % Diff | mass (g) | % Diff | mass (g) | |
|
|
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|
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| Respiratory System | ||||||||
| ET1 (anterior nasal layer) | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 0.43 | 0.54 | ND | |||
| ET2 (posterior nasal layer) | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 17.56 | 16.00 | ND | |||
| ET2 (oral cavity layer) | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 1.37 | 1.46 | ND | |||
| ET2 (larynx) | 1.07 | 50:50 soft tissue/cartilage | 26.29 | 28.12 | 0.4% | 28.17 | 0.6% | 28.0 |
| ET2 (pharynx) | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 3.48 | 3.61 | ND | |||
| Trachea | 1.07 | 50:50 soft tissue/cartilage | 9.39 | 9.96 | −0.4% | 9.97 | −0.3% | 10.0 |
| Bronchi - extrapulmonary | 1.07 | 50:50 soft tissue/cartilage | 10.44 | 10.39 | ND | |||
| Lungs (inclusive of blood) | 0.38 | calculated | 1200.00 | 0.0% | 1196.09 | −0.3% | 1200.0 | |
| Left Lung | 0.38 | calculated | 502.32 | −10.0% | 501.76 | −10.1% | 558.1 | |
| Right Lung | 0.38 | calculated | 697.68 | 8.7% | 694.32 | 8.2% | 641.9 | |
| Alimentary System | ||||||||
| Tongue | 1.05 | muscle | 69.52 | 73.16 | 0.2% | 72.47 | −0.7% | 73.0 |
| Salivary glands | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 82.52 | 84.93 | −0.1% | 84.50 | −0.6% | 85.0 |
| Parotid | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 48.54 | 49.97 | −0.1% | 49.66 | −0.7% | 50.0 |
| Submaxillary | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 24.27 | 24.98 | −0.1% | 24.91 | −0.3% | 25.0 |
| Sublingual | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 9.71 | 9.98 | −0.2% | 9.92 | −0.8% | 10.0 |
| Tonsils | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 2.91 | 3.02 | 0.5% | 2.98 | −0.8% | 3.0 |
| Esophagus - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 38.83 | 39.98 | −0.1% | 40.11 | 0.3% | 40.0 |
| Stomach - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 145.63 | 150.41 | 0.3% | 149.93 | 0.0% | 150.0 |
| Stomach - contents | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 242.72 | 250.13 | 0.1% | 251.59 | 0.6% | 250.0 |
| Small Intestine - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 631.07 | 653.65 | 0.6% | 646.96 | −0.5% | 650.0 |
| Small Intestine - contents | 0.48 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 736.02 | 350.00 | 0.0% | 348.98 | −0.3% | 350.0 |
| Colon | ||||||||
| Right - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 145.63 | 150.31 | 0.2% | 149.65 | −0.2% | 150.0 |
| Right - contents | 0.74 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 201.63 | 150.00 | 0.0% | 149.31 | −0.5% | 150.0 |
| Left - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 145.63 | 150.17 | 0.1% | 149.43 | −0.4% | 150.0 |
| Left - contents | 0.56 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 134.14 | 75.00 | 0.0% | 75.13 | 0.2% | 75.0 |
| Rectosigmoid - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 67.96 | 69.89 | −0.2% | 69.52 | −0.7% | 70.0 |
| Rectosigmoid - contents | 0.45 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 167.35 | 75.00 | 0.0% | 74.63 | −0.5% | 75.0 |
| Liver | 1.06 | liver (fetus/child/adult) | 1698.11 | 1802.64 | 0.1% | 1799.68 | 0.0% | 1800.0 |
| Gall Bladder - wall | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 9.71 | 10.05 | 0.5% | 9.98 | −0.2% | 10.0 |
| Gall Bladder - contents | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 56.31 | 58.02 | 0.0% | 58.06 | 0.1% | 58.0 |
| Pancreas | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 135.92 | 140.10 | 0.1% | 139.76 | −0.2% | 140.0 |
| Circulatory System | ||||||||
| Heart - wall | 1.05 | heart (fetus/child/adult) | 314.29 | 330.20 | 0.1% | 330.40 | 0.1% | 330.0 |
| Heart - content | 1.06 | blood (newborn/adult) | 481.13 | 509.44 | −0.1% | 508.32 | −0.3% | 510.0 |
| Urogenital System | ||||||||
| Kidneys (Cortex+Medulla) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 295.24 | 309.81 | −0.1% | 309.33 | −0.2% | 310.0 |
| Cortex (70%) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 217.54 | 228.08 | −0.1% | 227.75 | −0.3% | 228.4 |
| Medulla (25%) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 77.69 | 81.73 | 0.2% | 81.58 | 0.0% | 81.6 |
| Pelvis (5%) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 15.54 | 16.31 | 0.0% | 16.28 | −0.2% | 16.3 |
| Urinary Bladder - wall | 1.04 | bladder (adult-empty) | 48.08 | 50.12 | 0.2% | 49.69 | −0.6% | 50.0 |
| Urinary Bladder - contentsa | 1.01 | urine of ave density | 200.99 | 202.64 | −0.2% | 201.77 | −0.6% | 203.0 |
| Penis | 1.05 | muscle (newborn/adult) | 28.33 | 20.32 | ND | |||
| Scrotum | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 49.24 | 34.99 | ND | |||
| Testes (2) | 1.04 | testes (adult) | 33.65 | 35.06 | 0.2% | 34.93 | −0.2% | 35.0 |
| Prostate Gland | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 16.50 | 17.00 | 0.0% | 16.96 | −0.2% | 17.0 |
| Skeletal System | ||||||||
| Coastal Cartilage | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 53.25 | 49.78 | ND | |||
| Intervertebral Discs | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 82.02 | 65.09 | ND | |||
| Bone Tissues | 1.39 | volume-averaged | 6772.11 | 9402.06 | 0.0% | 9342.93 | −0.6% | 9400.0 |
| Bone (CB, TB) | 1.90 | cortical bone (ICRP89 Para 436) | 5500.0 | |||||
| Active Marrow b | 1.03 | red marrow (adult) | 1170.0 | |||||
| Inactive Marrow | 0.98 | yellow marrow (adult) | 2480.0 | |||||
| Teeth | 3.00 | ICRP 89 - Para 465 | 50.0 | |||||
| Miscellaneous c | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 200.0 | |||||
| Integumentary System | ||||||||
| Skin | 1.10 | all ages (ICRP89 Para 529) | 3000.00 | ND | 3687.32 | 11.7% | 3300.0 | |
| Additional Tissues | ||||||||
| Adrenal Glands (2) | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 13.59 | 13.99 | 0.0% | 13.95 | −0.3% | 14.0 |
| Brain | 1.04 | brain (newborn/infant/adult) | 1394.23 | 1450.80 | 0.1% | 1449.41 | 0.0% | 1450.0 |
| Breasts (2) | 0.94 | adipose#2 (newborn/child/adult) | 26.60 | 25.02 | 0.1% | 24.89 | −0.4% | 25.0 |
| Ears | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 25.87 | 16.24 | ND | |||
| External nose | 1.05 | 66:33 soft tissue/cartilage | 15.31 | 8.69 | ND | |||
| Eyes (2) | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 14.56 | 15.00 | 0.0% | 14.98 | −0.1% | 15.0 |
| Lens (2) | 1.07 | eye lens (adult) | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.1% | 0.45 | −0.8% | 0.5 |
| Pituitary Gland | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.2% | 0.60 | 0.0% | 0.6 |
| Spinal Cord | 1.04 | brain (newborn/adult) | 124.80 | 119.94 | ND | |||
| Spleen | 1.06 | spleen (40wk fetus/adult) | 141.51 | 150.05 | 0.0% | 149.77 | −0.2% | 150.0 |
| Thymus | 1.03 | newborn/adult (ICRP 89 Para 606) | 24.39 | 24.97 | −0.1% | 24.85 | −0.6% | 25.0 |
| Thyroid | 1.05 | thyroid (adult) | 19.05 | 20.05 | 0.2% | 19.97 | −0.1% | 20.0 |
| Residual Soft Tissues (RST) | 1.02 | 51016.45 | −0.8% | 51423.6 | ||||
| Bone-Associated Cartilage d | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 953.0 | |||||
| Separable Fat | 0.95 | adipose#2 (newborn/child/adult) | 14500.0 | |||||
| Skeletal Muscle | 1.05 | muscle (newborn/adult) | 29000.0 | |||||
| Separable Connective Tissues | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 2600.0 | |||||
| Fixed Lymphatic Tissues e | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 730.0 | |||||
| Blood (large vessels) f | 1.06 | blood (newborn/adult) | 1451.5 | |||||
| Miscellaneous RST g | 1.03 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 2189.0 | |||||
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| ||||||||
| Totals by Organ System | ||||||||
| Respiratory System (not all tissues have ICRP reference values) | 1271.36 | 1266.23 | 1238.0 | |||||
| Alimentary System - tissues of organ walls | 3328.29 | 3399.45 | 3406.0 | |||||
| Alimentary System - GI tract and gall bladder content | 958.15 | 957.69 | 958.0 | |||||
| Circulatory System - heart wall and content | 839.64 | 838.73 | 840.0 | |||||
| Urogenital System - kidneys and urinary bladder wall | 359.93 | 359.02 | 360.0 | |||||
| Urogenital System - urinary bladder content | 202.64 | 201.77 | 203.0 | |||||
| Urogenital System - internal sex organs (prostate) | 17.00 | 16.96 | 17.0 | |||||
| Urogenital System - external sex organs (penis, scrotum, and testes) | 112.62 | 90.24 | ND | |||||
| Skeletal System - bone tissues | 9402.06 | 9342.93 | 9400.0 | |||||
| Integumentary System | ND | 3687.32 | 3300.0 | |||||
| Additional Tissues - excluding residual soft tissue | 1866.91 | 1843.74 | 1700.1 | |||||
| Additional Tissues - residual soft tissue | ND | 51016.45 | 51423.6 | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Total Body Tissues | 71861 | 0.25% | 71685 | |||||
| Total Body Mass | 73021 | 0.24% | 72847 | |||||
a
No reference value is given in ICRP 89 and thus an approximate value is used as defined in the ORNL stylized adult phantom
b
Assumed to include the 7% of total blood volume as per Section 7.7.2 of ICRP 89
c
As per Section 9.2.15 of ICRP 89, miscellaneous skeletal tissues include periosteum and blood vessels, but exclude periarticular tissue and blood
d
Skeletal cartilage excludes the following non-bone associated regions of cartilage: external nose and ears, larynx, trachea, and extrapulmonary bronchi
e
Estimated from the reference adult values given in Section 7.8.2 of ICRP Publication 89 and scaled by total body mass
f
Taken as 25.92% of total blood pool as per Section 7.7.2 of ICRP 89 (other tissues, arota, large arteries, large veins)
g
Miscellaneous rest-of-body is added to force the total body mass to its ICRP 89 reference value