Table 3.
Summary of organ masses within two computational phantoms of the adult reference female: (1) UF Hybrid-NURBS and (2) UF Hybrid-Voxel. These organ masses are then compared to those in ICRP Publication 89 by organ, organ system, and for total body tissues (exclusive of walled-organ content), and total body mass (inclusive of wall-organ content).
| Organ System | Density | Comment | Target Volume | UFH - NURBS | UFH - Voxel | ICRP 89 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g/cm3) | (ICRU 46) | (cm3) | mass (g) | % Diff | mass (g) | % Diff | mass (g) | |
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| Respiratory System | ||||||||
| ET1 (anterior nasal layer) | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 0.36 | 0.29 | ND | |||
| ET2 (posterior nasal layer) | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 1.66 | 1.47 | ND | |||
| ET2 (oral cavity layer) | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 1.15 | 1.13 | ND | |||
| ET2 (larynx) | 1.07 | 50:50 soft tissue/cartilage | 17.84 | 19.00 | 0.0% | 19.03 | 0.2% | 19.0 |
| ET2 (pharynx) | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 1.55 | 1.58 | ND | |||
| Trachea | 1.07 | 50:50 soft tissue/cartilage | 7.51 | 7.99 | −0.1% | 8.01 | 0.1% | 8.0 |
| Bronchi - extrapulmonary | 1.07 | 50:50 soft tissue/cartilage | 7.94 | 7.62 | ND | |||
| Lungs (inclusive of blood) | 0.38 | calculated | 2507.72 | 950.00 | 0.0% | 947.35 | −0.3% | 950.0 |
| Left Lung | 0.38 | calculated | 1166.38 | 435.80 | −1.4% | 433.86 | −1.8% | 441.9 |
| Right Lung | 0.38 | calculated | 1341.34 | 514.20 | 1.2% | 513.49 | 1.1% | 508.1 |
| Alimentary System | ||||||||
| Tongue | 1.05 | muscle | 57.14 | 60.00 | 0.0% | 59.80 | −0.3% | 60.0 |
| Salivary glands | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 68.63 | 70.06 | 0.1% | 69.68 | −0.5% | 70.0 |
| Parotid | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 40.20 | 41.08 | 0.2% | 40.81 | −0.5% | 41.0 |
| Submaxillary | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 20.59 | 20.97 | −0.1% | 20.90 | −0.5% | 21.0 |
| Sublingual | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 7.84 | 8.01 | 0.1% | 7.97 | −0.4% | 8.0 |
| Tonsils | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 2.94 | 3.00 | −0.1% | 2.99 | −0.4% | 3.0 |
| Esophagus - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 33.98 | 35.04 | 0.1% | 35.06 | 0.2% | 35.0 |
| Stomach - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 135.92 | 140.02 | 0.0% | 139.65 | −0.3% | 140.0 |
| Stomach - contents | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 225.49 | 230.15 | 0.1% | 231.14 | 0.5% | 230.0 |
| Small Intestine - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 582.52 | 603.41 | 0.6% | 595.71 | −0.7% | 600.0 |
| Small Intestine - contents | 0.56 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 502.07 | 280.00 | 0.0% | 279.00 | −0.4% | 280.0 |
| Colon | ||||||||
| Right - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 140.78 | 145.00 | 0.0% | 144.42 | −0.4% | 145.0 |
| Right - contents | 1.74 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 92.19 | 160.00 | 0.0% | 159.62 | −0.2% | 160.0 |
| Left - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 140.78 | 144.92 | −0.1% | 144.50 | −0.3% | 145.0 |
| Left - contents | 0.55 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 144.56 | 80.00 | 0.0% | 79.69 | −0.4% | 80.0 |
| Rectosigmoid - wall | 1.03 | gastrointestine (adult) | 67.96 | 70.54 | 0.8% | 69.94 | −0.1% | 70.0 |
| Rectosigmoid - contents | 0.82 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 97.14 | 80.00 | 0.0% | 79.86 | −0.2% | 80.0 |
| Liver | 1.06 | liver (fetus/child/adult) | 1320.75 | 1400.55 | 0.0% | 1397.57 | −0.2% | 1400.0 |
| Gall Bladder - wall | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 7.84 | 7.99 | −0.1% | 7.95 | −0.6% | 8.0 |
| Gall Bladder - contents | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 47.06 | 48.02 | 0.0% | 47.91 | −0.2% | 48.0 |
| Pancreas | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 117.65 | 120.00 | 0.0% | 119.89 | −0.1% | 120.0 |
| Circulatory System | ||||||||
| Heart - wall | 1.05 | heart (fetus/child/adult) | 238.10 | 250.42 | 0.2% | 249.98 | 0.0% | 250.0 |
| Heart - content | 1.06 | blood (newborn/adult) | 349.06 | 369.95 | 0.0% | 369.17 | −0.2% | 370.0 |
| Urogenital System | ||||||||
| Kidneys (Cortex+Medulla) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 261.90 | 274.82 | −0.1% | 274.17 | −0.3% | 275.0 |
| Cortex (70%) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 192.98 | 202.51 | −0.1% | 201.89 | −0.4% | 202.6 |
| Medulla (25%) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 68.92 | 72.31 | −0.1% | 72.28 | −0.1% | 72.4 |
| Pelvis (5%) | 1.05 | kidney (fetus/child/adult) | 13.78 | 14.46 | −0.1% | 14.46 | −0.1% | 14.5 |
| Urinary Bladder - wall | 1.04 | bladder (adult-empty) | 38.46 | 40.15 | 0.4% | 39.94 | −0.1% | 40.0 |
| Urinary Bladder - contentsa | 1.01 | urine of ave density | 160.79 | 162.54 | 0.1% | 161.76 | −0.4% | 162.4 |
| Ovaries (2) | 1.05 | ovaries (adult) | 10.48 | 11.00 | 0.0% | 10.96 | −0.4% | 11.0 |
| Uterus | 1.05 | muscle (newborn/adult) | 76.19 | 79.95 | −0.1% | 79.83 | −0.2% | 80.0 |
| Skeletal System | ||||||||
| Coastal Cartilage | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 41.39 | 37.96 | ND | |||
| Intervertebral Discs | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 68.41 | 56.53 | ND | |||
| Bone Tissues | 1.38 | volume-averaged | 4985.98 | 6903.98 | 0.1% | 6879.15 | −0.3% | 6900.0 |
| Bone (CB, TB) | 1.90 | cortical bone (ICRP89 Para 436) | 4000.0 | |||||
| Active Marrow b | 1.03 | red marrow (adult) | 900.0 | |||||
| Inactive Marrow | 0.98 | yellow marrow (adult) | 1800.0 | |||||
| Teeth | 3.00 | ICRP 89 - Para 465 | 40.0 | |||||
| Miscellaneous c | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 160.0 | |||||
| Integumentary System | ||||||||
| Skin | 1.10 | all ages (ICRP89 Para 529) | 2090.91 | ND | 2571.80 | 11.8% | 2300.0 | |
| Additional Tissues | ||||||||
| Adrenal Glands (2) | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 12.75 | 13.02 | 0.1% | 12.96 | −0.3% | 13.0 |
| Brain | 1.04 | brain (newborn/infant/adult) | 1250.00 | 1300.47 | 0.0% | 1298.13 | −0.1% | 1300.0 |
| Breasts (2) | 0.94 | adipose#2 (newborn/child/adult) | 531.91 | 500.21 | 0.0% | 499.79 | 0.0% | 500.0 |
| Ears | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 9.47 | 6.96 | ND | |||
| External nose | 1.05 | 66:33 soft tissue/cartilage | 4.67 | 5.01 | ND | |||
| Eyes (2) | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 14.71 | 14.98 | −0.1% | 14.92 | −0.6% | 15.0 |
| Lens (2) | 1.07 | eye lens (adult) | 0.42 | 0.45 | −0.1% | 0.45 | 0.8% | 0.5 |
| Pituitary Gland | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.2% | 0.60 | 0.7% | 0.6 |
| Spinal Cord | 1.04 | brain (newborn/adult) | 48.76 | 47.82 | ND | |||
| Spleen | 1.06 | spleen (40wk fetus/adult) | 122.64 | 130.15 | 0.1% | 129.80 | −0.2% | 130.0 |
| Thymus | 1.03 | newborn/adult (ICRP 89 Para 606) | 19.51 | 20.01 | 0.0% | 19.91 | −0.5% | 20.0 |
| Thyroid | 1.05 | thyroid (adult) | 16.19 | 17.00 | 0.0% | 16.97 | −0.2% | 17.0 |
| Residual Soft Tissues (RST) | 1.00 | 42601.14 | −0.7% | 42880.4 | ||||
| Bone-Associated Cartilage d | 1.10 | cartilage (adult) | 894.7 | |||||
| Separable Fat | 0.95 | adipose#2 (newborn/child/adult) | 19000.0 | |||||
| Skeletal Muscle | 1.05 | muscle (newborn/adult) | 17500.0 | |||||
| Separable Connective Tissues | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 2100.0 | |||||
| Fixed Lymphatic Tissues e | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 600.0 | |||||
| Blood (large vessels) f | 1.06 | blood (newborn/adult) | 1062.7 | |||||
| Miscellaneous RST g | 1.02 | ICRU-46 ave soft tissue | 1723.0 | |||||
|
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| Totals by Organ System | ||||||||
| Respiratory System (not all tissues have ICRP reference values) | 989.64 | 986.48 | 977.0 | |||||
| Alimentary System - tissues of organ walls | 2870.59 | 2856.85 | 2866.0 | |||||
| Alimentary System - GI tract and gall bladder content | 878.17 | 877.23 | 878.0 | |||||
| Circulatory System - heart wall and content | 620.38 | 619.15 | 620.0 | |||||
| Urogenital System - kidneys, urinary bladder wall, ureters | 314.97 | 314.11 | 315.0 | |||||
| Urogenital System - urinary bladder content | 162.54 | 161.76 | 162.4 | |||||
| Urogenital System - internal sex organs (ovaries and uterus) | 90.96 | 90.79 | 91.0 | |||||
| Skeletal System - bone tissues | 6903.98 | 6879.15 | 6900.0 | |||||
| Integumentary System | ND | 2571.80 | 2300.0 | |||||
| Additional Tissues - excluding residual soft tissue | 2059.77 | 2053.31 | 1996.1 | |||||
| Additional Tissues - residual soft tissue | ND | 42601.14 | 42880.4 | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Total Body Tissues | 58973 | 0.05% | 58945 | |||||
| Total Body Mass | 60012 | 0.04% | 59986 | |||||
a
No reference value is given in ICRP 89 and thus an approximate value is used as defined in the ORNL stylized adult phantom
b
Assumed to include the 7% of total blood volume as per Section 7.7.2 of ICRP 89
c
As per Section 9.2.15 of ICRP 89, miscellaneous skeletal tissues include periosteum and blood vessels, but exclude periarticular tissue and blood
d
Skeletal cartilage excludes the following non-bone associated regions of cartilage: external nose and ears, larynx, trachea, and extrapulmonary bronchi
e
Estimated from the reference adult values given in Section 7.8.2 of ICRP Publication 89 and scaled by total body mass
f
Taken as 25.92% of total blood pool as per Section 7.7.2 of ICRP 89 (other tissues, arota, large arteries, large veins)
g
Miscellaneous rest-of-body is added to force the total body mass to its ICRP 89 reference value