Table 2.
Incident Cases of Limitations by Baseline MetS and Adjusted Risk of Limitations
| No. at Baseline | Follow-up | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 y | 4 y | 7 y | ||||||||
| % | % | % | OR* | 95% CI | p Value | OR† | 95% CI | p Value | ||
| Social restriction | ||||||||||
| Baseline MetS | N = 5,893 | N = 5,713 | N = 5,179 | N = 4,243 | ||||||
| No | 3.5 | 5.3 | 12.0 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 6.5 | 8.5 | 22.0 | 2.83 | 2.13–3.75 | <.0001 | 1.55 | 1.14–2.09 | .006 | |
| Mobility | ||||||||||
| Baseline MetS | N = 3,497 | N = 3,344 | N = 3,112 | N = 2,624 | ||||||
| No | 33.1 | 37.9 | 49.5 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 44.0 | 45.5 | 60.2 | 1.90 | 1.54–2.35 | <.0001 | 1.52 | 1.21–1.90 | .0003 | |
| IADL | ||||||||||
| Baseline MetS | N = 5,764 | N = 5,575 | N = 5,063 | N = 4,150 | ||||||
| No | 4.7 | 7.6 | 18.5 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 9.0 | 10.5 | 30.5 | 2.55 | 1.98–3.27 | <.0001 | 1.62 | 1.24–2.10 | .0003 | |
| ADL | ||||||||||
| Baseline MetS | N = 6,125 | N = 5,927 | N = 5,367 | N = 4,349 | ||||||
| No | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 2.00 | 1.07–3.77 | .03 | 0.91 | 0.48–1.74 | .79 | |
Notes: ADL = basic activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; MetS = metabolic syndrome; OR = odds ratio.
*Adjusted for center, baseline age, time, baseline interaction age × time, and sex.
†Adjusted for center, baseline age, time, baseline interaction age × time, sex, education, income, living alone, alcohol, body mass index, smoking, cognitive impairment, visual impairment, hearing impairment, depressive symptoms, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, lipid-lowering treatment, and allele ε4 of the apolipoprotein E genotype.