(A–D) Time course of (A) serum insulin and (B) serum glucose in WT and CIRS12KO mice, (C) serum aa levels in WT mice, and (D) autophagy, as assessed by LC3-II/LC3-I immunoblotting, in WT and CIRS12KO mouse hearts. Newborn mice were obtained by Caesarean delivery at E19.5. Pups were either immediately sacrificed or placed in a humidified, temperature-controlled chamber for 3 hours before sacrifice (E19.5 + 3h). For the 3-day time point (P3d), pups were removed from mothers 3 days after natural birth and immediately sacrificed. *P < 0.05 vs. WT same time point, †P < 0.05 vs. E19.5 same genotype, ‡P < 0.05 vs. E19.5 + 3h same genotype, unpaired Student’s t test.