(A and B) Western blot example and quantification of VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation in HUVECs following siRNA-mediated ESDN downregulation. (C) ESDN–VEGFR-2 complex formation. VEGFR-2 or ESDN immunoprecipitation from HUVECs, followed by Western blot analysis of ESDN and VEGFR-2 in the precipitate and the remaining supernatant. (D) PTP1B, TCPTP, and VE-cadherin co-immunoprecipitation with VEGFR-2 in Esdn–/– and WT MLECs. VEGFR-2 immunoprecipitation was followed by Western blot analysis for PTP1B, TCPTP, and VE-cadherin. (E) Western blot analysis of PTP1B, TCPTP, VE-cadherin, and VEGFR-2 expression in WT and Esdn–/– MLECs.