Figure 4. IL-1β induction by PorB requires ATP to activate the inflammasome.

WT BMDMs were stimulated with PorB, LPS, TNFα, or Pam₃CSK₄ at the indicated concentrations for 5 hours. After 5 hours, ATP was added to half the cells for 30 minutes. Supernatants were collected and analyzed by IL-1β ELISA. IL-1β release was not observed for PorB, LPS or Pam₃CSK₄ in the absence of ATP. In the presence of ATP, significantly increased IL-1β release was observed for all three TLR ligands (p<0.05).