Table 1. Macrophage-induced Mycobacterium tuberculosis efflux pumps.
| Drug Efflux Pump§ | Transporter Family | Macrophage growth attenuation* | Associated drug resistance | Homologs in other mycobacteria | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rv0194 | ABC | Yes | STR | M.marinum; M. ulcerans | (Braibant et al. 2000; Danilchanka et al. 2008) |
| Rv1218c | ABC | Yes | M. smegmatis; M. marinum; M. avium; M. leprae; M. abscessus | (Balganesh et al. 2012; Balganesh et al. 2010; Braibant et al. 2000) | |
| Rv1272c | ABC | Yes | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. leprae; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000) | |
| Rv1273c | ABC | Yes | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. leprae; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000) | |
| Rv1348 | ABC | ND | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans; M. avium; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000; Farhana et al. 2008) | |
| Rv1349 | ABC | ND | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans; M. avium; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000; Farhana et al. 2008) | |
| Rv1463 | ABC | ND | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans; M. avium; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000) | |
| Rv1687c | ABC | No | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. leprae | (Braibant et al. 2000) | |
| Rv2686c | ABC | Yes | CIP | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. leprae; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000; Louw et al. 2009;Pasca et al. 2004) |
| Rv2687c | ABC | ND | CIP | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000; Pasca et al. 2004) |
| Rv2688c | ABC | No | CIP | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans; M. abscessus | (Braibant et al. 2000; Pasca et al. 2004) |
| Rv1258c | MFS | Yes | RIF, OFX, INH | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. leprae; M. abscessus | (Balganesh et al. 2012; De Rossi et al. 2002; Jiang et al. 2008; Rodrigues et al. 2011b; Siddiqi et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2005) |
| Rv3239c | MFS | No | M.marinum; M. ulcerans | (De Rossi et al. 2002; Louw et al. 2009) | |
| Rv3728 | MFS | No | M.marinum; M. ulcerans; M. leprae | (De Rossi et al. 2002; Gupta et al. 2010; Louw et al. 2009) | |
| Rv1183 (mmpL1 0) | RND | ND | M. smegmatis; M.marinum, M. avium; M. leprae; M. abscessus | (Tekaia et al. 1999) | |
| Rv1146 (mmpL13b) | RND | ND | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. abscessus | (Tekaia et al. 1999) | |
| Rv3065 (mmr) | SMR | ND | ERM | M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. leprae | (Balganesh et al. 2012; Gupta et al. 2010) |
| Rv0969 (ctpV) | Putative copper exporter | No | M. smegmatis, M. marinum, M, ulcerans, M. avium; M. abscessus | (Ward et al. 2010) | |
| Rv3578 (arsB2) | Probable arsenic pump | Yes | M. smegmatis; M.marinum; M. ulcerans, M. avium; M. leprae | (Ordonez et al. 2005) |
Isoniazid (INH); rifampicin (RIF); ofloxacin (OFX); ciprofloxacin (CIP); streptomycin (STR); ethambutol (EMB); erythromycin (ERM); ATP-binding cassette (ABC); major facilitator superfamily (MFS); resistance-nodulation cell division family (RND); small multidrug resistance family (SMR); not determined (ND)
§
Efflux pumps that are significantly induced (1.3 to 2.6-fold) at 48 hours in naïve macrophages (Schnappinger et al. 2003). Those highlighted in bold have been tested experimentally for efflux activity, all others are predicted efflux pumps based on homology to efflux pumps in other organisms.
*
Macrophage growth attenuation from resting or IFNγ-activated macrophages (Rengarajan et al. 2005)