Table 2.

Aortic dimensions and flow hemodynamicsin bicuspid aortic valve disease and healthy volunteers

	Healthy volunteers	Bicuspid aortic valve patients (all fusion types)				BAV fusion sub-types (right-handed flow only)		Aortic stenosis types
	(n=47)	Normal flow (n=10)	Right-handed flow (n=69)	Left-handed flow (n=4)	Complex flow (n=12)	RL-BAV (n=43)	RN-BAV (n=20)	Aortic stenosis (n=24)	No aortic stenosis (n=71)
Aortic diameter/BSA (mm/m2)
Sinotubular junction	15.1±2.1	14.2±2.0	16.5±3.1*	19.1±1.6	18.2±2.9*	16.2±3.4	17.4±2.4	17.3±2.4	16.3±3.3
Mid ascending aorta	15.2±2.2	13.6±2.7	18.3±3.3**	23.0±3.1*	20.0±2.5**	17.5±3.1	19.5±3.4†	19.9±2.1	17.6±3.9‡‡
Systolic flow angle (°)	7.0±4.6	9.7±5.9	23.1±12.5**	30.0±16.1	30.0±11.6**	19.4±11.4	29.4±10.9††	27.1±11.3	21.7±13.5
Rotational flow (mm2/m)	2.9±3.9	7.0±3.5*	31.7±15.8**	-49.7±25.8	-2.0±23.4	27.8±12.4	38.5±16.5††	41.1±23.5	23.4±13.5‡‡
Systolic WSScircavg (N/m2)	0.59±0.17	0.74±0.11*	0.85±0.28**	1.18±0.29	0.76±0.25	0.85±0.25	0.84±0.31	1.09±0.28	0.76±0.21‡‡
Systolic in-plane WSS (N/m2)	0.01±0.12	0.08±0.10	0.53±0.24**	-0.84±0.35	-0.01±0.40	0.47±0.22	0.64±0.23††	0.65±0.35	0.41±0.23‡‡
max systolic through-plane WSS (N/m2)	0.75±0.20	1.02±0.22*	1.02±0.45**	1.31±0.53	1.05±0.49	1.05±0.38	0.88± 0.49	1.47±0.48	0.89±0.31‡‡
Anterior - posterior eccentricity (N/m2)	-0.18±0.17	-0.13±0.47	0.32±0.44**	0.40±0.48	0.26±0.51	0.30±0.57	-0.07±0.56†	0.70±0.48	0.12±0.36‡‡
Peak velocity (m/sec)	n/a	1.9±0.6	2.5±0.8	3.7±0.5	3.2±1.0	2.4 ±0.7	2. 5 ±0.8	3.9 ±0.5	2.1±0.4‡‡
Age (years)	40.2±17.7	24.1±11.5*	42.2±17.1	20.2±5.3**	42.7±17.5	42.0±15.5	43.9±17.2	39.5±18.9	39.4 ±16.3

Values are mean ±standard deviation;

^*p<0.05,

^**p<001 vs. healthy volunteers;

^†p<0.05,

^††p<0.001 comparing BAV fusion sub-types,

^‡p<0.05,

^‡‡p<0.001 comparing aortic stenosis sub-types;

BSA =body surface area; max= maximum