Table 1.
Intergroup – Baseline and 12-month Average Means and Median Daily Intakes of TDF, Energy, Macronutrients, and 9 Micronutrients for IOD and CD Groups
| Baseline Results | 12-month Results | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Group | Mean (STD)* | Median (Q1, Q3)† | 95% CI‡ | p value§ | Mean (STD)* | Median (Q1, Q3)† | 95% CI‡ | p value§ |
| Fiber (TDF) (g) | IOD | 16.3 (7.7) |
14.7 (11.6, 18.7) |
15.9 (7.3) |
14.5 (11.1, 19.0) |
||||
| CD | 15.7 (7.1) |
14.9 (10.9, 19.0) |
(-1.3, 1.8) | .81 | 16.8 (7.7) |
15.4 (11.5, 19.9) |
(-2.4, 1.0) | .36 | |
| Energy (KCal) | IOD | 1,540.2 (541.7) |
1,432.7 (1,150.7, 1,909.3) |
1,474.4 (431.7) |
1,469.7 (1,201.3, 1,633.0) |
||||
| CD | 1,557.4 (554.2) |
1,478 (1,147.5, 1,877.4) |
(-160.0, 114.0) | .72 | 1,505.7 (482.0) |
1,403.0 (1,193.7, 1,741.1) |
(-123.3, 108.7) | .96 | |
| Macronutrients | |||||||||
| PROT (g) | IOD | 67.7 (22.3) |
66.1 (50.4, 79.4) |
64.7 (22.5) |
61.8 (49.2, 77.6) |
||||
| CD | 67.1 (24.8) |
62.8 (52.7, 79.0) |
(-4.2, 7.5) | .55 | 65.0 (22.7) |
61.4 (49.7, 78.1) |
(-5.7, 5.2) | .94 | |
| FAT (g) | IOD | 56.8 (23.6) |
51.6 (38.9, 70.1) |
56.0 (20.0) |
54.4 (41.1, 67.5) |
||||
| CD | 59.3 (27.4) |
53.3 (41.4, 72.3) |
(-8.0, 3.9) | .57 | 55.3 (19.5) |
53.0 (41.8, 66.3) |
(-4.2, 6.2) | .64 | |
| CARB (g) | IOD | 189.2 (80.5) |
166.7 (135.2, 235.0) |
177.1 (59.6) |
173.9 (133.6, 198.4) |
||||
| CD | 185.6 (69.2) |
174.6 (136.3, 233.8) |
(-20.4, 16.4) | .84 | 187.1 (83.5) |
174.6 (141.4, 213.0) |
(-18.1, 10.0) | .64 | |
| Micronutrients | |||||||||
| VIT A (μg) | IOD | 675.8 (922.6) |
533.3 (342.3, 733.3) |
661.1 (672.7) |
525.7 (385.7, 769.0) |
||||
| CD | 830.5 (1,016.6) |
562.2 (371.3, 860.1) |
(-118.3, 38.7) | .38 | 713.4 (717.3) |
572.7 (357.9, 797.4) |
(-96.7, 52.7) | .63 | |
| VIT D (μg) | IOD | 4.7 (4.1) |
3.1 (2.2, 6.1) |
4.1 (3.6) |
3.3 (2.0, 5.0) |
||||
| CD | 3.8 (3.2) |
3.1 (1.9, 4.7) |
(-0.1, 1.0) | .13 | 4.2 (4.9) |
3.1 (1.8, 5.0) |
(-0.3, 0.7) | .41 | |
| VIT C (mg) | IOD | 108.5 (75.6) |
90.5 (58.2, 141.2) |
98.5 (71.7) |
91.2 (47.9, 131.0) |
||||
| CD | 100.6 (64.8) |
86.1 (53.9, 130.8) |
(-10.6, 19.9) | .53 | 104.3 (65.3) |
89.0 (61.0, 143.1) |
(-22.8, 8.9) | .36 | |
| THIA (mg) | IOD | 1.4 (0.7) |
1.3 (0.9, 1.8) |
1.5 (0.7) |
1.3 (1.0, 1.8) |
||||
| CD | 1.4 (0.5) |
1.3 (1.1, 1.8) |
(-0.2, 0.1) | .69 | 1.4 (0.6) |
1.3 (1.1, 1.6) |
(-0.1, 0.1) | .98 | |
| RIBO (mg) | IOD | 2.0 (1.6) |
1.7 (1.4, 2.2) |
1.8 (0.6) |
1.7 (1.4, 2.1) |
||||
| CD | 1.8 (0.7) |
1.7 (1.4, 2.2) |
(-0.1, 0.2) | .69 | 1.9 (1.7) |
1.7 (1.4, 2.0) |
(-0.1, 0.2) | .68 | |
| Niacin (NEs) | IOD | 31.2 (10.5) |
30.5 (24.1, 38.2) |
30.8 (11.8) |
28.5 (23.6, 36.8) |
||||
| CD | 31.4 (12.0) |
28.3 (23.8, 37.6) |
(-2.3, 3.1) | .76 | 30.2 (11.1) |
28.6 (23.5, 35.3) |
(-2.3, 2.8) | .85 | |
| VIT B6 (mg) | IOD | 1.5 (0.6) |
1.4 (1.1, 1.8) |
1.6 (1.1) |
1.4 (1.1, 1.7) |
||||
| CD | 1.5 (0.6) |
1.4 (1.1, 1.8) |
(-0.1, 0.2) | .53 | 1.5 (0.6) |
1.4 (1.2, 1.7) |
(-0.2, 0.1) | .47 | |
| VIT B12 (μg) | IOD | 3.9 (2.9) |
3.3 (2.3, 4.7) |
4.4 (5.6) |
2.8 (2.0, 4.1) |
||||
| CD | 5.4 (7.8) |
2.8 (2.0, 5.1) |
(-0.3, 0.6) | .44 | 3.8 (3.4) |
3.1 (2.2, 4.3) |
(-0.5, 0.3) | .66 | |
| DFE (Folate) (μg) | IOD | 355.4 (148.5) |
308.3 (262.0, 442.7) |
362.9 (193.3) |
340.0 (252.7, 419.0) |
||||
| CD | 349.5 (135.2) |
326.7 (243.8, 433.1) |
(-33.3, 36.0) | .88 | 340.4 (116.8) |
315.2 (255.7, 413.7) |
(-21.7, 42.3) | .56 | |
*
Mean (Standard Deviation).
†
Median and quartiles (25th [Q1] and 75th [Q3]).
‡
95% confidence interval for the median difference was obtained by non-parametric comparisons for each pair by the Wilcoxon method.
§
p values were obtained from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.