Table 2.

Primary Outcome Measure (Denture Satisfaction–Visual Analog Scale) from the One-year Observation Period for the Intervention and Control Groups

	Intervention		3 Months		12 Months
	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
	n = 16	n = 18	n = 16	n = 16	n = 14	n = 8
DS-VAS, Σmma,b	749.4 ± 435.12c	948.7 ± 497.53c	1706.75 ± 565.35	1162.78 ± 482.88	1687.9 ± 596.39	1145.28 ± 519.62
OHIP-EDENT, Σa,b	41.1 ± 20.31c	32.9 ± 20.84c	20.9 ± 16.74	25.9 ± 13.46	21.9 ± 22.06	23.44 ± 13.82
Denture stabilitya,b	0.4 ± 0.65c	0.37 ± 0.62c	2.7 ± 0.70	1.2 ± 0.79	2.6 ± 0.81	1.1 ± 0.76
SDHue	1.490 ± 0.283	1.150 ± 0.139	1.521 ± 0.471	1.246 ± 0.269	1.328 ± 0.387	1.192 ± 0.221
MBF, Nb	44.3 ± 38.22	21.2 ± 26.95	62.8 ± 54.65	25.25 ± 29.25	73.0 ± 78.01	26.4 ± 28.39
MMT-preferred, mmb	11.3 ± 1.92c	10.7 ± 1.89c	11.7 ± 1.98	10.7 ± 1.82	11.7 ± 2.19	10.7 ± 1.87
MMT-nonpreferred, mm	11.2 ± 1.96c	10.7 ± 1.68c	11.6 ± 2.10	10.8 ± 1.52	11.5 ± 2.15	10.8 ± 1.55
SSFR, mL	1.9 ± 1.13	1.8 ± 1.20	2.0 ± 1.32	1.68 ± 1.17	1.88 ± 1.25	1.75 ± 1.35
MNA	17.0 ± 5.64c	17.6 ± 4.51c	16.4 ± 4.84	18.9 ± 4.68	16.3 ± 4.95	18.2 ± 4.80
BMI, kg/m2a	24.9 ± 4.33c	23.69 ± 3.37c	25.0 ± 4.39	23.7 ± 3.50	24.7 ± 4.14 ±	23.3 ± 3.65
Albumin, g/L	40.4 ± 6.56c	39.3 ± 5.40c	39.3 ± 5.47	38.7 ± 4.04	38.9 ± 5.05	38.3 ± 4.78
Vitamin B12, pmol/L	331.4 ± 329.08c	331.4 ± 177.39c	265.6 ± 145.46	339.5 ± 212.32	356.5 ± 293.24	310.0 ± 159.16
Folic acid, nmol/l	13.4 ± 4.34c	12.36 ± 4.79c	11.9 ± 4.63	11.1 ± 5.55	14.9 ± 9.91	10.5 ± 5.23
HB, g/Ld	135.8 ± 10.86c	127.0 ± 15.24c	134.3 ± 10.34	128.2 ± 11.90	132.6 ± 12.18	126.6 ± 12.01
CRP, mg/L	5.9 ± 7.12c	12.1 ± 18.31c	20.6 ± 43.81	5.5 ± 6.01	7.8 ± 13.04	5.04 ± 5.34

In addition to the primary outcome measure (denture satisfaction–visual analog scale [DS-VAS]), further secondary outcome measures were the Oral Health Impact Profile–EDENT (OHIP-EDENT), denture stability, chewing efficiency (standard deviation of hue [SDHue]), maximum voluntary bite force (MBF), masseter muscle thickness (MMT; preferred/nonpreferred chewing side), stimulated saliva flow rate (SSFR), as well as nutritional parameters such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the body mass index (BMI), and various blood markers (Hb). Missing data were imputed according to the “last value carried forward” method; the intention-to-treat population was n = 16 (intervention group) and n = 18 (control group).

^aSignificant time effect.

^bSignificant interaction term (time × treatment).

^cCarried forward from BL.

^dSignificant treatment effect.