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. 2013 Jul 1;11(3):137–144. doi: 10.5812/ijem.7551

Figure 2. Cardiovascular Effects of Insulin: Molecular Mechanisms.

Figure 2.

MAPK: MAP kinase; IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate 1; PI-3-K: phosphatidy l inositole 3 kinase; ET-1: enothelin-1; NO: nitric oxide; SMC: smooth muscle cell.