Table II.

Antimicrobial resistance (%) for E. coli in urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections, in six European countries.

	Nitrofurantoin (%)	Pivmecillinam (%)	Fosfomycine (%)	Sulfamethizole (%)	Trimethroprim (%)	Ciprofloxacin (%)	Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (%)
Croatiaa (2009)	2	–	–	24*	24*	10	4
Denmarkb (2009)	0–5	4–5	–	35–38	10–28	11	–
Germanyc (2006)	1–2	1–2	< 1	25–26*	25–26*	3–4	1–2
Scotlandd** (2000)	0	1–2	< 1	36	16–17	1–2	3–4
Spaine (2006)	3–4	4	1–2	32*	32*	23.9	8
Swedenf (2007)	1	3	1	15*	15*	5–10	25

Notes: * = resistance to trimethroprim/sulfamethizole. – = no data.

^aSkerk V, Andrasevic AT, Andrasevic S, Susic E, Dzepina AM, Madaric V et al. [ISKRA guidelines on antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infections—Croatian national guidelines]. Lijec Vjesn 2009;131(5–6):105–118.

^bDanmap 2009 [internet]. Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance from food animals, fruits and humans in Denmark. [cited 1–6-2011.] Available from: www.danmap.org. 2009.

IRF, Institut for Rationel Farmakoterapi [internet]. Antibiotika til systemisk brug (Institute for Rational Pharmacotherapy, Antibiotics for Systemic Use).12-2-2009. [cited 1–5-2012]. Available from: http://www.irf.dk/dk/rekommandationsliste/infektionssygdomme/antibiotika_systemisk_brug/test_sulfonamider_og_trimethoprim_j01e.htm.

^cNaber K, Schito G, Botto H, Palou J, Mazzei T. Surveillance study in Europe and Brazil on Clinical Aspects and antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology in females with cystitis (ARESC): Implications for Empiric Therapy. European Urology 2008:54:1164–1178.

^dKahlmeter G. The ECO.SENS Project: a prospective, multinational, multicentre epidemiological survey of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract pathogens—interim report. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46 Suppl 1:15–22.

^eRabanaque G, Romera Á, Domingo C, Herrera C, Plana A, Sánchez J. Infecciones del tracto urinario. (Urinary tract infections). Manual de enfermedades infecciones en atención primaria. (Handbook of infectious diseases in primary helth care). Barcelona: 2010:153–181.

Naber K, Schito G, Botto H, Palou J, Mazzei T. Surveillance study in Europe and Brazil on Clinical Aspects and antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology in females with cystitis (ARESC): Implications for Empiric Therapy. European Urology 2008:54:1164–1178.

^fAndré M, Ahlqvist-Rastad J, Beermann B. Nedre urinvägsinfektion (UVI) hos kvinnor - Behandlingsrekommendation. (Lower urinary tract infection (UTI) in women - Treatment recommendation). Läkemedelsverket 2007;2:8–15.