Table V.

Community-level protective factors identified in literature review

Protective factors	Authors who identified the protective factor
Positive role models	Allen et al., 2006	Mohatt et al., 2004
	Wexler and Goodwin, 2006	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Sense of collective responsibility and	Allen et al., 2006	Ford et al., 2012
community connectedness	Mohatt et al., 2004	Wexler, 2013
	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
Sense of belonging in community	Wexler, 2013
Meaningful opportunities to be involved within	Allen et al., 2006	Ford et al., 2012
community or school community	Mohatt et al., 2004	Decou et al., 2013
Community-wide limits/standards/expectations	Allen et al., 2006	Mohatt et al., 2004
Safe places	Allen et al., 2006	Mohatt et al., 2004
Supportive, caring, encouraging, cohesive communities	Mohatt et al., 2004	Wexler and Goodwin, 2006
that show concern and reach out to youth	Decou et al., 2013	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
Strong relationships with community members	Kirmayer et al., 1998	Wexler and Goodwin, 2006
(peers or other adults)	Decou et al., 2013	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Mentorship from older generations	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Continuous communication, talking, and interaction	Kral et al., 2011	Wexler and Goodwin, 2006
Regular church attendance	Kirmayer et al., 1996	Kirmayer et al., 1998
Community control	Kral et al., 2011
Cultural revitalization	Bals et al., 2010
Community recognition, respect, and appreciation	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013