Table VII.

Individual-level protective factors identified in literature review

Protective factors	Authors who identified the protective factor
Belief in self	Allen et al., 2006	Bals et al., 2010
	Mohatt et al., 2004
Sense of purpose	Wexler, 2013
Physically being in home community	Wexler, 2013
Wanting to contribute, be useful to others, take care of others,	Allen et al., 2006	Ford et al., 2012
and give back to the community (i.e. to be a role model)	Mohatt et al., 2004	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
Mindfulness and awareness of the consequences of one's individual actions upon the community	Allen et al., 2006	Mohatt et al., 2004
Reflection	Mohatt et al., 2004
Sense of responsibility to oneself, family, and/or community	Allen et al., 2006	Mohatt et al., 2004
	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Learning values of harmony and co-operationas well as autonomy and hardiness	Bals et al., 2011a
High level of academic achievement	Kirmayer et al., 1996	Spein et al., 2013
Ethnic pride	Bals et al., 2011a	Ford et al., 2012
	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
Cultural/ethnic identity and/or affiliation	Wexler, 2013	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Traditional knowledge, cultural values, and practice	Bals et al., 2010	Bals et al., 2011a
(e.g. eating country foods, being out on the land,	Kirmayer et al., 1998	Kral et al., 2011
doing subsistence activities, attending tribal events,	Decou et al., 2013	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
listening to traditional stories)	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013	Wexler, 2013
Systems of reciprocity and reciprocal bonds	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Physical activity and active lifestyle	Spein et al., 2013	Decou et al., 2013
Staying busy	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013
Self-reliance (e.g. seeking support from a friend, keeping a journal, creatively handling problems)	Wexler, Jernigan, et al., 2013	Wexler, Joule, et al., 2013
Being committed to community and culture	Wexler, 2013