Table 2.
Kinetic Properties of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) Proteins
| Official Gene Name* | Amino Acid Differences Between Alleles | Protein Name | Km(ethanol) mM | Turnover (min−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADH1A | α | 4.0 | 30 | |
| ADH1B*1 | Arg48, Arg370 | β1 | 0.05 | 4 |
| ADH1B*2 | His48, Arg370 | β2 | 0.9 | 350 |
| ADH1B*3 | Arg48, Cys370 | β3 | 40 | 300 |
| ADH1C*1 | Arg272, Ile350 | γ1 | 1.0 | 90 |
| ADH1C*2 | Gln272, Val350 | γ2 | 0.6 | 40 |
| ADH1C*352Thr | Thr 352† | — | — | — |
| ADH4 | π | 30 | 20 | |
| ADH5 | χ | >1,000 | 100 | |
| ADH6 | ADH6 | ? | ? | |
| ADH7 | σ | 30 | 1800 |
*
The *1, *2, etc., designations represent particular alleles of the genes indicated.
†
ADH1C*352Thr has been found in Native Americans as an additional variation on chromosomes with the Val350 characteristic of ADH1C*2 (Osier et al. 2002a); the protein has not been isolated for study.
NOTE: Km(ethanol) indicates the concentration of ethanol at which the enzyme works at 50 percent capacity. Turnover indicates how many molecules of ethanol the enzyme will convert to acetaldehyde in 1 minute at saturating ethanol concentrations.
SOURCE: Modified from Hurley et al. 2002.