Table 1.

Cases of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Partial FAS (pFAS) in Various Population Studies by Frequency, Percent, and Ratio

Community Studies Organized From Top to Bottom by Proportion of Binge Drinking	FAS n (%)	pFAS n (%)	Ratio of FAS per pFAS
South Africa I	40 (91)	4 (9)	10 to 1
South Africa II	37 (56)	29 (44)	1.3 to 1
South Africa III	55 (75)	18 (25)	3.1 to 1
Total South Africa*	132 (72)	51 (28)	2.6 to 1
Plains USA**	56 (45)	69 (55)	0.81 to 1
Western City, USA (1 & 2)*	6 (33)	12 (67)	0.5 to 1
Italy (1 &2)*	8 (18)	36 (82)	0.22 to 1

NOTES:

^*All of these studies were school-based studies in which all consenting first-grade children were screened if their growth in height, weight, and head circumference was found to be below the 10th centile or they were picked randomly from the entire first-grade population as control subjects.

^**Plains USA was an active-case ascertainment study in which children (birth to age 18 years) were recruited from seven communities to referral clinics for FASD and related developmental disabilities if they had physical features, behavior, or learning problems similar to those characteristics of FASD.