Table 1.
Summary statistics for different echocardiographic parameters and their comparison in control and sickle cell groups.
| Characteristic | Mean ± SD |
p-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (20) | Sickle cell (32) |
Control (20) vs. |
Control (20) vs. |
Sickle cell: during crisis (32) vs. |
||
| During Crisis (32)c | During follow up (18) | During Crisis (32)a | During follow up (18)a | During follow up (18)b | ||
| Age (years) | 23.2 ± 5.38 | 25.38 ± 8.38 | 25.38 ± 8.38 | – | – | – |
| Men/women (No.) | 11/9 | 8/10 | 8/10 | – | – | – |
| Height (cm) | 163.11 ± 12.29 | 146 ± 12.20 | 146 ± 12.20 | – | – | – |
| Weight (kg) | 58.33 ± 8.69 | 41.44 ± 8.84 | 41.38 ± 8.81 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.331 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.0 ± 6.0 | 108.66 ± 5.86 | 109.44 ± 5.39 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.202 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.0 ± 4.0 | 75 ± 5.14 | 75.88 ± 4.92 | 0.234 | 0.494 | 0.177 |
| Aorta (cm) | 2.36 ± 0.1 | 2.46 ± 0.29 | 2.52 ± 0.26 | 0.146 | <0.05** | 0.063 |
| Left atrium (cm) | 2.63 ± 0.1 | 3.14 ± 0.48 | 2.96 ± 0.39 | <0.001* | <0.05** | 0.073 |
| LV end – diastolic dimension (cm) | 4.36 ± 0.14 | 4.33 ± 0.52 | 4.24 ± 0.58 | 0.870 | <0.001* | 0.145 |
| LV end-systolic dimension (cm) | 2.75 ± 0.08 | 3.02 ± 0.49 | 2.86 ± 0.80 | <0.05** | 0.123 | 0.18 |
| LA volume (cm3) | 23.3 ± 2.1 | 36.3 ± 3.2 | 34.2 ± 2.3 | <0.05* | <0.05* | 0.852 |
| Global ejection fraction (%) | 59.32 ± 12.64 | 52.25 ± 9.61 | 55.34 ± 6.21 | 0.074 | 0.245 | <0.05** |
| E peak velocity (cm/s) | 72.2 ± 1.84 | 119.61 ± 25.27 | 83.65 ± 15.73 | <0.001* | <0.05** | <0.05** |
| A peak velocity (cm/s) | 63.6 ± 2.35 | 59.19 ± 17.34 | 57.12 ± 12.81 | 0.344 | 0.063 | 0.465 |
| E/A | 1.16 ± 1.35 | 2.11 ± 12.13 | 1.36 ± 4.96 | <0.001* | 0.512 | 0.433 |
| E/e′ | 6.75 ± 6.13 | 8.12 ± 4.23 | 9.77 ± 4.66 | <0.05* | <0.05* | 0.324 |
| e′ (Septal) (cm/s) | 11.72 ± 0.8 | 11.92 ± 2.66 | 8.66 ± 1.88 | 0.799 | <0.001* | <0.05** |
| A′ (septal) (cm/s) | 11.0 ± 0.4 | 8.86 ± 2.16 | 8.36 ± 1.64 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.207 |
| S′ (septal) (cm/s) | 13.47 ± 0.5 | 9.42 ± 1.62 | 9.59 ± 1.58 | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.083 |
| e′ (lateral) (cm/s) | 12.44 ± 0.6 | 18.33 ± 3.32 | 14.30 ± 2.81 | <0.001* | <0.05** | <0.05** |
| A′ (lateral) (cm/s) | 10.84 ± 1.93 | 9.88 ± 2.43 | 10.21 ± 2.00 | 0.386 | 0.604 | 0.083 |
| S′ (lateral) (cm/s) | 14.12 ± 0.56 | 12.18 ± 2.57 | 13.57 ± 2.09 | <0.05** | 0.260 | <0.05** |
*p < 0.0001; **p < 0.05.
a
Statistical significance tested at 5% level using t-test for independent samples.
b
Statistical significance tested at 5% level using paired t-test.
c
Includes same cases as appearing in follow up.