Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, electrocardiographic and basic echocardiographic parameters.
| Fragmented QRS (n = 50) | Normal QRS (n = 50) | Chi square value | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 45.88 ± 13.70 | 47.84 ± 14.07 | 0.48 | |
| Sex (M:F) | 32:28 | 28:22 | 0.33 | 0.56 |
| NYHA CLASS (II:III-IV) | 27:23 | 36:14 | 4.45 | 0.22 |
| Beta blocker use n (%) | 45 (90%) | 42 (84%) | 0.40 | 0.53 |
| ACE-inhibitor use n (%) | 43 (86%) | 45 (90%) | 0.19 | 0.66 |
| Digoxin n (%) | 45 (90%) | 43 (86%) | 0.19 | 0.66 |
| Heart rate (BPM) | 93.08 ± 17.21 | 92.32 ± 21.28 | 0.84 | |
| PR interval (ms) | 150.18 ± 29.78 | 143.90 ± 29.88 | 0.30 | |
| QRS duration (ms) | 99.42 ± 13.05 | 90.10 ± 13.75 | <0.001* | |
| LVEDD (mm) | 62.42 ± 8.10 | 60.68 ± 8.01 | 0.28 | |
| LVESD (mm) | 54.1 ± 7.85 | 51.80 ± 7.32 | 0.13 | |
| LVEF % (Simpson's) | 22.24 ± 5.08 | 24.24 ± 5.92 | 0.07 | |
| EPSS (mm) | 20.66 ± 3.14 | 20.09 ± 3.02 | 0.36 | |
| MR regurgitant volume (ml) | 31.39 ± 15.72 | 31.95 ± 15.11 | 0.86 | |
| TR jet gradient (mm Hg) | 28.04 ± 9.05 | 29.09 ± 10.13 | 0.61 | |
| Mitral E/A | 2.45 ± 1.47 | 2.13 ± 1.24 | 0.23 | |
| IVRT (ms) | 97.92 ± 23.04 | 79.98 ± 18.91 | <0.05* | |
| Septal s (cm/sec) | 2.88 ± 0.77 | 2.71 ± 0.71 | 0.25 | |
| Septal e (cm/sec) | 2.98 ± 1.09 | 3.13 ± 1.06 | 0.51 | |
| Septal a (cm/sec) | 3.81 ± 1.01 | 3.94 ± 0.97 | 0.50 | |
| Lateral s (cm/sec) | 2.85 ± 0.76 | 2.78 ± 0.75 | 0.62 | |
| Lateral e (cm/sec) | 4.96 ± 1.72 | 4.68 ± 1.79 | 0.42 | |
| Lateral a (cm/sec) | 3.12 ± 1.00 | 3.14 ± 1.01 | 0.92 | |
| E/e septal | 33.69 ± 17.69 | 30.13 ± 15.81 | 0.29 | |
| E/e lateral | 21.70 ± 15.24 | 21.72 ± 14.05 | 0.99 | |
| SPWD (ms) | 87.94 ± 64.22 | 100.58 ± 67.33 | 0.34 | |
| RVOT PEP (ms) | 96.76 ± 19.65 | 98.60 ± 18.03 | 0.63 | |
| Aortic PEP (ms) | 111.96 ± 21.32 | 113.32 ± 19.54 | 0.74 | |
| Aortic – RVOT PEP (ms) | 15.2 ± 14.46 | 14.72 ± 11.25 | 0.85 |
Data are as mean ± SD for continuous variable and absolute no. (%) for categorical variable; A-Late diastolic velocity; a-Tissue Doppler imaging late diastolic velocity; ACE-angiotensin converting enzyme; E-Early diastolic velocity; EPSS-E point septal separation; e-Tissue Doppler imaging early diastolic velocity; IVRT-Iso-volumetric relaxation time; LVEDD-Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF-Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD-Left ventricular end-systolic diameter; MR-Mitral regurgitation; NYHA-New York Heart Association functional classification; PEP-Pre ejection period; RVOT-Right ventricular outflow tract; s-Tissue Doppler imaging systolic velocity; SPWD-Septal to posterior wall delay; TR-Tricuspid regurgitation. *Statistically significant difference in values between two groups.