Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects and prevalence of chronic disease risk factors.
| Variables | Urban (n = 2005) | Rural (n = 2613) | Total (n = 4618) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups | |||
| 35–39 | 476 (23.7) | 777 (29.7) | 1253 (27.1) |
| 40–49 | 704 (35.1) | 820 (31.4) | 1524 (33.0) |
| 50–59 | 478 (23.8) | 608 (23.3) | 1086 (23.5) |
| 60–69 | 233 (11.6) | 328 (12.6) | 561 (12.1) |
| ≥70 | 114 (5.7) | 80 (3.1) | 194 (4.2) |
| Educational status | |||
| Illiterate | 590 (29.4) | 1662 (63.6) | 2250 (48.7) |
| 1–5 years | 415 (20.7) | 468 (17.9) | 883 (19.1) |
| 6–10 years | 674 (33.6) | 410 (15.7) | 1084 (23.5) |
| >10 years | 326 (16.3) | 74 (2.8) | 400 (8.7) |
| Smoking/tobacco use (n = 3937) | |||
| Current users | 326 (19.6) | 1197 (31.7) | 871 (41.6) |
| Smoking | 14 (0.7) | 290 (6.3) | 276 (10.6) |
| Non-smoked tobacco use | 325 (16.2) | 932 (20.2) | 607 (23.2) |
| Former users (stopped > 6 months) | 17 9 (1.07) | 57 (1.7) | 40 (2.14) |
| Fat intake | |||
| >30 en% | 1876 (93.4) | 2447 (93.6) | 4323 (93.6) |
| Desirable < 30 en% | 132 (6.6) | 166 (6.4) | 298 (6.4) |
| Sodium intake | |||
| <2500 mg/day | 1754 (87.4) | 2137 (81.8) | 3891 (84.2) |
| >2500 mg/day | 254 (12.6) | 476 (18.2) | 730 (15.8) |
| Total fibre intake | |||
| Low < 25 g/day | 674 (33.6) | 1688 (64.6) | 2362 (51.1) |
| Desirable > 25 g/day | 1334 (66.4) | 925 (35.4) | 2259 (48.9) |
| Regular physical activity | |||
| Low < 1.4 PAL/day | 1387 (70.1) | 1535 (59.5) | 2922 (63.2) |
| Moderate 1.4–1.6 PAL/day | 337 (17.0) | 495 (19.2) | 832 (18.2) |
| High > 1.6 PAL/day | 256 (12.9) | 549 (21.3) | 805 (17.7) |
| Sedentary lifestyle (n = 4604) Physical activity levels < 1.55 PALs |
1406 (71.0) | 2964 (65.0) | 1558 (60.1) |
| Overweight/obesity (n = 4601) | |||
| BMI < 23.0 kg/m2 | 715 (36.8) | 2385 (52.7) | 1670 (64.9) |
| BMI 23.0–24.9 kg/m2 | 355 (11.6) | 679 (14.8) | 324 (12.5) |
| BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 640 (31.7) | 1091 (23.3) | 451 (16.8) |
| BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 288 (13.9) | 440 (9.6) | 152 (5.7) |
| Truncal obesity (n = 4611) | |||
| WHR > 0.8 | 1812 (90.7) | 3359 (73.6) | 1547 (60.4) |
| WHR > 0.9 | 880 (44.3) | 1198 (26.8) | 318 (13.03) |
| Waist circumference > 80 cm (n = 4614) | 1274 (63.3) | 1999 (43.4) | 725 (28.3) |
| Waist circumference > 90 cm | 638 (31.4) | 864 (18.5) | 226 (8.4) |
| Hypertension | 925 (48.2) | 1671 (38.9) | 746 (31.6) |
| Hypercholesterolemia (n = 4435) | |||
| Cholesterol < 150 mg/dl | 359 (18.3) | 1198 (27.1) | 839 (34.4) |
| 150–199.9 mg/dl | 1088 (54.0) | 2363 (52.9) | 1275 (52.1) |
| ≥200 mg/dl | 552 (27.7) | 874 (20.0) | 322 (13.5) |
| Impaired fasting glycemia (n = 4438) | |||
| <100 gm/dl | 1418 (70.4) | 3556 (68.8) | 2138 (87.9) |
| 100–125 gm/dl | 404 (20.3) | 647 (13.6) | 243 (10.1) |
| ≥126 gm/dl | 181 (9.3) | 235 (6.9) | 54 (2.2) |
| Diabetes (fasting glucose ≥ 126 gm/dl or history) (n = 4408) | 292 (15.1) | 390 (9.3) | 98 (4.3) |
| Anemia < 12 gm/dl (n = 4429) | 702 (35.7) | 2551 (58.2) | 1849 (76.8) |