Table 5.
Model (GLMM) estimates of detectable exchange gap duration (in seconds, log transformed) in relation to sex and incubation period with disturbance, type of temperature probe, presence of radio tag, body mass, culmen length, and start of incubation within the season as confounding variables
| Fixed effects | Estimate | 95% CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 3.894 | (3.481, 4.306) | <0.0001 |
| Disturbance | −0.113 | (−0.592, 0.366) | 1 |
| Temperature probe type | 0.579 | (−0.295, 1.453) | 0.47 |
| Radio tag | 0.007 | (−0.738, 0.753) | 1 |
| Culmen | −0.035 | (−0.333, 0.264) | 1 |
| Body mass | −0.054 | (−0.201, 0.093) | 0.97 |
| Start of incubation | 0.037 | (−0.026, 0.1) | 0.64 |
| Day of incubation | −0.09 | (−0.167, −0.013) | 0.01 |
| Sex (male)a | −0.114 | (−0.512, 0.284) | 0.99 |
| Sex × Day of incubation | 0.02 | (−0.063, 0.103) | 1 |
| Start of incubation × Day of incubation | −0.003 | (−0.07, 0.064) | 1 |
| Random effects | Variance | ||
| Nest (intercept) | 0.305 | ||
| z-Transformed (day of incubation) | 0.139 | ||
| Residual | 1.815 |
N = 385 exchange gaps from 44 nests. Fixed effects, except sex, were mean centered (culmen and body mass were centered within each sex). Results of the model without confounding variables are presented in Supplementary Table S5.
aRelative to female.