Table 1.
Construction | Physical property conferred | Practical advantage |
---|---|---|
Low-profile, tapered (0.87–0.42 mm), soft, flexible (no steel wire braid) tip | Ability to smoothly enter narrow tortuous collateral channels | Eliminates need for dilatation of the collateral channel; makes use of epicardial channels safer |
Unique spiral steel wire-braided, progressiveb polyamide elastomer-coated ≤2.8F (0.87–0.93 mm) shaft | Bidirectional torque transmission to the distal end, kink resistance and longitudinal strength of shaft | Superior pushability, trackability and back-up support; kink resistance allows easy movement of guidewires and contrast injection from the tip |
Distal 60 cm of the 150 cm catheter has hydrophilic polymer coating | Reduces friction and enhances maneuverability and tracking | Superior ability to traverse collaterals, cross the CTO, and enter the CTO artery guiding catheter |
Inner lumen of the shaft is lined with a fluoropolymer (PTFE) layer | Free movement of 0.014 inch guidewires within the catheter | Permits easy exchange of guidewires and full transmission of torque to the tip of the guidewire |
Platinum marker and tungsten powder at the tip; tungsten wire braid in shaft | Enhanced fluoroscopic visibility of the catheter tip and shaft | Helps detect torque accumulation and catheter tip entrapment within the CTO; improves safety |
CTO, chronic total occlusion; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene.
Information sourced from Refs. 6,7 in the manuscript.
Thickness and grade of polyamide elastomer coating progressively increases towards the proximal end of the catheter.