Table 2.

Baseline patient characteristics for included studies.

	Augustin et al.	Buffum et al.	Bun et al.	Chan et al. 2010	Chan et al. 2007	Dijkstra et al.	Han et al.	Haun et al.	Lai et al.	Lee et al.	Mok et al.
Type of study	Randomised	Randomised	Randomised	Randomised			Randomised	Randomised	Randomised	Randomised	Randomised
Age
Music	47	67.01 ± 10.29	65.20 ± 10.15	−	−	47.2 ± 15.2	46.43 ± 15.45	−	−	70.6 + 15.1	−
No Music	47	66.65 ± 9.61	70.90 ± 6.49	−	−	57.2 ± 56.5	47.61 ± 13.47	−	−	68.3 ± 15.6	−
Patient (n)
Music	21	89	10	21	31	8	44	10	22	32	40
No Music	21	81	10	21	35	10	49	10	22	32	40
Setting	Ambulatory surgery clinic	Before vascular angiography	Before transuretheral prostate resection	Community centre	ICU	ICU, mechanical vent	ICU, mechanical vent	Women before breast biopsy	During root canal	ICU, mechanical vent	Minor surgery with local anaesthesia
Average baseline HR
Music	72.2 ± 12.00	67.04 ± 11.11	71.90 ± 12.92	78.2 ± 13.6	72.6 ± 14.3	107 ± 22.6	96.98 ± 15.93	78.4 ± 17.9	77.23 ± 6.65	98.5 + 18.2	82.50 ± 10.05
No music	71.1 ± 10.70	69.01 ± 12.49	77.70 ± 10.30	71.0 ± 8.5	77.0 ± 10.8	90 ± 14.0	93.20 ± 15.49	81.2 ± 10.5	81.41 ± 7.45	97.8 + 21.9	80.83 ± 4.95
Average baseline SBP
Music	129.6 ± 16.09	142.53 ± 26.52	135.80 ± 19.55	143.6 ± 18.5	143.6 ± 23.9	117 ± 16.8	119.77 ± 18.39	123.7 + 16.3	135.73 ± 11.83	133.6 ± 26.6	125.35 + 15.33
No music	135.4 ± 13.33	137.81 ± 22.02	132.30 ± 17.79	137.7 ± 15.2	143.6 ± 23.4	107 ± 23.9	116.78 + 16.25	122.3 + 12.8	136.00 ± 12.78	129.0 ± 22.2	127.53 ± 10.27
Average baseline DBP
Music	83.1 ± 13.12	76.71 ± 14.17	79.40 ± 11.63	82.1 ± 11.0	71.7 ± 11.8	62 ± 11.1	70.61 ± 12.39	69.1 ± 10.5	84.14 ± 7.86	61.3 ± 12.8	74.82 ± 12.80
No music	84.1 ± 11.47	75.30 ± 9.94	81.00 ± 10.71	80.4 ± 8.3	73.1 ± 11.6	54 ± 7.6	68.02 ± 12.74	72.3 ± 12.1	84.91 ± 9.54	61.2 ± 12.5	76.05 ± 8.27
Length of intervention (min)	15–30	15	20	30	45	30	30	20	−	30	−

DBP: diastolic blood pressure, HR: heart rate, ICU: intensive care unit, SBP: systolic blood pressure.