Table III.
Leading limb kinematic parameter values in the subjects with Down syndrome (DS) and the group of normally developed subjects (N).
| DS | N | DS vs N | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| WLK | OBST | WLK | OBST | ||
| Trunk flexion [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 83.25 (81.38,84.95) | 84.8 (83.90,87.6) | 87.4 (85.4,89.2) | 87.70 (84.75,89.30) | 1,2 |
| Min | 80.5 (77.13,81.65) | 76.05 (73.13,77.85) # | 83.7 (82.63,85.80) | 80.5 (77.9,83.3) # | 1,2 |
| Pelvic tilt [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 18.28 (16.36,20.15) | 16.93 (16.01,21.3) | 8.74 (7.21,10.72) | 9.77 (7.88,14.29) | 1,2 |
| Min | 13.48 (11.22,14.98) | 3.33 (−3.82,5.84) # | 6.35 (3.93,7.35) | 2.60 (−0.63,4.19) | 1 |
| Pelvic obliquity [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 4.64 (2.77,4.85) | 13.05 (9.79,14.60) # | 4.81 (3.49,5.77) | 8.48 (5.64,9.74) # | 2 |
| Min | −3.36 (−5.21, −2.69) | −1.28 (−2.07, 0.25) | −4.64 (−5.61, −3.90) | −2.76 (−4.00, −1.45) | |
| Pelvic rotation [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 8.51 (6.02,9.27) | 15.84 (12.32,30.50) # | 7.22 (5.08,8.68) | 13.92 (10.59,20.16) # | 2 |
| Min | −7.61 (−8.59, −5.98) | −3.97 (−10.03, −1.82) | −5.80 (−7.05, −4.92) | −8.77 (−10.58, −3.53) | |
| Hip flex-extension [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 38.79 (27.93,41.26) | 81.82 (76.41,83.35) # | 27.58 (23.95,30.01) | 68.35 (64.79,73.15) # | 1,2 |
| Min | 1.85 (−14.49,7.66) | 7.38 (−0.54,13.93) # | −15.05 (−17.28, −13.38) | −13.87 (−16.88, −9.47) | 1,2 |
| Hip ab-adduction [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | −1.78 (−3.10,1.17) | −3.64 (−7.20, −0.99) | −0.74 (−2.46,1.61) | −2.86 (−4.67,2.86) | |
| Min | −9.93 (−12.05, −8.05) | −14.73 (−18.70, −11.11) # | −9.94 (−10.57, −8.69) | −9.65 (−13.50, −8.18) | 2 |
| Hip rotation [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 19.11 (6.90,23.63) | 16.20 (11.22,25.02) | 6.22 (0.04,11.75) | 10.40 (−1.33,15.42) | 1,2 |
| Min | 6.51 (−6.12,10.61) | 1.50 (−8.98,11.75) | −3.67 (−10.54, −1.25) | −3.40 (−12.73,1.34) | 1,2 |
| Knee flex-extension [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 48.55 (39.50,54.57) | 88.73 (87.93,89.52) # | 55.31 (51.36,58.43) | 89.18 (88.84,89.51) # | 1 |
| Min | 5.96 (0.30,10.71) | 10.40 (−3.31,11.13) | −4.50 (−6.23, −0.64) | −2.33 (−5.93, −0.10) | 1,2 |
| Ankle dorsi-plantar-flexion [ ° ] | |||||
| Max | 1.47 (−0.61,4.66) | 8.30 (6.86,13.41) # | −0.03 (−2.40,1.94) | 9.73 (4.83,12.42) # | |
| Min | −12.27 (−15.16, −8.24) | −23.45 (−28.54, −17.00) # | −17.33 (−21.05, −12.49) | −22.55 (−24.04, −10.86) # | |
Data are expressed as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) values. WLK=level walking condition; OBST=walking with an obstacle.
#
=p<0.05 WLK vs OBST; 1=p<0.05 DS_WLK vs N_WLK; 2=p<0.05 DS_OBST vs N_OBST.