Fig. (8).

Mitochondrial activity and multi-signaling synergy. A. En1/2 internalized by the growth cones regulates the translation of nucleus-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs. The proteins (primarily Ndufs1 and Ndufs3) are imported and induce ATP synthesis. B. ATP synthesized following En1/2 regulation of complex 1 activity is secreted and degraded into Adenosine (not illustrated). This allows the stimulation of AR1 Adenosine receptors. It is this stimulation that allows the synergy between En1/2 signaling and EphrinA5/ EphA2 signaling (see text for description and references).