Table 2.
Characteristics of bipolar disorder patients and controls
| Control (n=22) |
Bipolar (n=25) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cormorbidity | |||
| Panic disorder | 0 | 9 | <0.01 |
| Social anxiety disorder | 0 | 12 | <0.01 |
| POMS25 points | |||
| Tension–anxiety | 43.7 ± 5.0 | 65.0 ± 13.8 | <0.01 |
| Depression–dejection | 45.8 ± 5.2 | 67.7 ± 15.0 | <0.01 |
| Anger–hostility | 44.1 ± 5.8 | 56.0 ± 14.5 | <0.01 |
| Vigor | 54.0 ± 13.4 | 35.8 ± 10.3 | <0.01 |
| Fatigue | 43.3 ± 10.5 | 62.2 ± 13.8 | <0.01 |
| Confusion | 43.2 ± 10.5 | 66.4 ± 18.3 | <0.01 |
| STAI24 scores | |||
| Trait anxiety | 39.4 ± 7.5 | 56.3 ± 14.4 | <0.01 |
| State anxiety | 38.0 ± 6.5 | 53.3 ± 12.6 | <0.01 |
| Maximum electrical stimulation | 21.2 ± 15.8 | 23.1 ± 18.3 | 0.36 |
| Heart rate variability | |||
| LF | 60.1 ± 19.7 | 59.3 ± 18.4 | 0.44 |
| HF | 39.9 ± 19.7 | 40.7 ± 18.4 | 0.44 |
| LF/HF ratio | 4.0 ± 8.3 | 2.5 ± 3.0 | 0.19 |
Note: Data are expressed as number or mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: HF, high-frequency; LF, low-frequency; POMS, Profile of Mood States; SD, standard deviation; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.