Table 2.
Previous studies using recommended treatments to date for D. fragilis infections, study size, reported treatment efficacy and dosage used are summarised.
| Recommended treatment | Study size (n) | Treatment efficacy | Dosage used | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diphetarsone | 9 | 100% | 500 mg tida × 10 days | (Keystone et al., 1983) |
| Clioquinol | 27 | 81.5% | 40 mg/kg/day × 10–21 days | (Bosman et al., 2004) |
| 12 | 83% | 250 mg tid × 7 days | (van Hellemond et al., 2012) | |
| Iodoquinol | 3 | 100% | 650 mg POb daily × 7–10 days | (Stark et al., 2010) |
| 12 | 83.3% | 650 mg PO tid × 20 days | (Millet et al., 1983a,b) | |
| 5 | 80% | 40 mg/kg/day × 20 days | (Cuffari et al., 1998) | |
| 5 | 20% | 20 mg/kg/day × 10 days | (Preiss et al., 1991) | |
| 12 | N/A | 30–40 mg/kg/day × 21 days | (Spencer et al., 1979a,b) | |
| Paromomycin | 5 | 100% | 8–12 mg/kg PO daily × 7–10 days | (Stark et al., 2010) |
| 15 | 80% parasite clearance/87% clinical improvement | 25–35 mg/kg daily × 7 days | (Vandenberg et al., 2007) | |
| 4 | 100% | 25–35 mg/kg/day PO tid × 7 days | (Vandenberg et al., 2006) | |
| 21 | 100% | 25–35 mg/kg, daily × 4–5 days | (Simon et al., 1967) | |
| 61 | 98% | 500 mg tid × 7 days | (van Hellemond et al., 2012) | |
| Tetracycline | 1 | 100% | 500 mg qidc × 10 days | (Dardick, 1983) |
| 1 | N/A | 250 mg PO bidd × 5 days | (Spencer et al., 1979a,b) | |
| Oxytetracycline | 9 | 90% | 30–40 mg/kg/day PO qid × 7 to 30 days | (Preiss et al., 1991) |
| Doxycycline | 4 | 75% | 2 mg/kg/day PO × 10 days | (Preiss et al., 1991) |
| 1 | 100% | 100 mg PO bid × 10 days | (Butler, 1996) | |
| Erythromycin | 6 | 50% | 50 mg/kg/day PO × 10 days | (Preiss et al., 1991) |
| Metronidazole | 35 | 80% | 400–750 mg PO every 8 h or daily × 3–10 days | (Stark et al., 2010) |
| 56 | 69.6% parasite eradication/76.8% clinical improvement | 20 mg/kg for children; 1.5 g for adults, daily | (Kurt et al., 2008) | |
| 6 | 83.3% | N/A | (Cuffari et al., 1998) | |
| 15 | 66.7% | 500–750 mg PO tid × 10 days | (Vandenberg et al., 2006) | |
| 91 | 70% | 30 mg/kg/day PO × 10 days | (Preiss et al., 1991) | |
| 5 | N/A | 250 mg PO tid × 7 days | (Spencer et al., 1979a,b) | |
| 32 | 12.5% parasite clearance/37.5% reduced or recurring symptoms | N/A | (Norberg et al., 2003) | |
| 3 | 66.7% | 500–750 mg PO tid × 10 days | (Oxner et al., 1987) | |
| Metronidazole/Tinidazole | 16 | 68.8% | N/A | (Bosman et al., 2004) |
| Secnidazole | 35 | 97% parasite eradication/100% clinical improvement (27-disappeared; 8-decreased) | 30 mg/kg for children; 2 g for adults, single dose (second treatment required in one case) | (Girginkardesler et al., 2003) |
| Ornidazole | 56 | 92.9% parasite eradication/96.4% clinical improvement | 30 mg/kg for children; 2 g for adults, single dose | (Kurt et al., 2008) |
Bosman et al. (2004), Butler (1996), Cuffari et al. (1998), Dardick (1983), Girginkardesler et al. (2003), Keystone et al. (1983), Kurt et al. (2008), Millet et al. (1983a,b), Norberg et al. (2003), Oxner et al. (1987), Preiss et al. (1991), Simon et al. (1967), Spencer et al. (1979a, b), Stark et al. (2010), van Hellemond et al. (2012), Vandenberg et al. (2006, 2007).
a
“tid” = “ter in die”; “three times a day”.
b
PO = Perorally.
c
“qid” = “quater in die”; “four times a day”.
d
“bid” = “bis in die”; “twice a day”.