TABLE 4.
Regression results with covariates1
| Height (cm) | Highest grade attained | Raven's test score | Vocabulary test score | Digit-span (forward) score | Digit-span (backward) score | |
| Village intervention allocation | −0.423 (−1.589, 0.743) | −0.503 (−1.180, 0.174) | 0.163 (−0.595, 0.921) | −0.072 (−0.651, 0.507) | −0.187 (−0.605, 0.231) | −0.132 (−0.410, 0.147) |
| Mandinka as main language indicator | — | — | — | 0.775 (0.141, 1.408)* | 0.334 (−0.287, 0.955) | −0.492 (−0.847, −0.137)** |
| Born in the hungry season | −0.406 (−0.973, 0.162) | −0.043 (−0.364, 0.278) | 0.015 (−0.665, 0.695) | −0.073 (−0.474, 0.328) | −0.231 (−0.523, 0.060) | 0.062 (−0.108, 0.232) |
| F | −9.752 (−10.685, −8.820)** | −0.235 (−0.736, 0.266) | −2.195 (−3.014, −1.377)** | −0.936 (−1.348, −0.523)** | −0.688 (−1.070, −0.307)** | −0.514 (−0.811, −0.217)** |
| Maternal parity at baseline | −0.071 (−0.190, 0.050) | −0.042 (−0.119, 0.035) | −0.082 (−0.167, 0.002)† | −0.014 (−0.074, 0.046) | 0.017 (−0.037, 0.070) | 0.015 (−0.040, 0.070) |
| Indicator for missing maternal parity | 0.073 (−2.410, 2.555) | 0.569 (−0.474, 1.613) | 0.980 (0.055, 1.904)* | 0.505 (−0.367, 1.377) | −0.247 (−1.131, 0.637) | 0.210 (−0.387, 0.808) |
| Gestational age (Parkin score) | 0.548 (0.302, 0.793)** | 0.147 (−0.014, 0.308)† | 0.260 (0.108, 0.411)** | 0.116 (0.027, 0.205)* | 0.144 (0.055, 0.232)** | 0.079 (−0.013, 0.171)† |
| Maternal height at baseline (20 wk gestation) (cm) | 0.317 (0.242, 0.392)** | 0.010 (−0.024, 0.043) | 0.062 (0.005, 0.120)* | 0.023 (−0.015, 0.060) | 0.007 (−0.024, 0.039) | 0.007 (−0.009, 0.023) |
| Indicator for missing maternal height | 49.883 (38.525, 61.241)** | 1.198 (−4.260, 6.655) | 10.275 (0.984, 19.567)* | 3.589 (−2.469, 9.647) | 1.399 (−3.546, 6.345) | 1.059 (−1.551, 3.669) |
| Father received formal education indicator (yes or no) | 0.748 (−0.300, 1.796) | 0.253 (−0.214, 0.719) | 0.128 (−0.757, 1.012) | 0.639 (0.237, 1.042)** | 0.758 (0.403, 1.113)** | 1.038 (0.810, 1.267)** |
| Mother received formal education indicator (yes or no) | −0.434 (−1.637, 0.768) | −0.003 (−0.564, 0.558) | −0.154 (−0.761, 0.453) | −0.342 (−0.683, −0.000)* | −0.135 (−0.496, 0.227) | −0.340 (−0.664, −0.017)* |
| Current age | 0.546 (0.282, 0.810)** | 0.308 (0.151, 0.466)** | 0.289 (0.096, 0.482)** | 0.097 (−0.024, 0.217) | −0.122 (−0.228, −0.016)* | −0.053 (−0.129, 0.023) |
| Constant | 105.364 (91.746, 118.983)** | −0.998 (−8.251, 6.256) | −1.998 (−12.565, 8.568) | 8.167 (1.738, 14.596)* | 10.736 (5.479, 15.992)** | 4.808 (1.834, 7.781)** |
| Observations | 1445 | 1454 | 1450 | 1450 | 1450 | 1449 |
| R2 | 0.387 | 0.044 | 0.081 | 0.045 | 0.037 | 0.062 |
| Mean | 165.6 | 7.3 | 14.6 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 5.1 |
1
All values are regression coefficients; 95% CI in parentheses. Values were determined from an intention-to-treat analysis using ordinary least-squares regression. SEs were adjusted for clustering at the village level. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, †P < 0.10.