Table 2.
The influence of response variable measured on population-level host response to parasites. Data points represent mean effect sizes (Hedges g) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), as estimated in the meta-analyses. Combined refers to an overall averaged effect size from randomly taking one response from each study. Positive values indicate that the parasite had a negative effect on the host, while negative numbers indicate that the parasite had a neutral to positive effect on the host. Where 95% CI do not include zero, the effect can be considered to be statistically significant.
| Response variable | Mean ± SE | 95% CI | Z-Value | p-Value | Number of studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch size | 0.365 ± 0.14 | 0.094–0.636 | 2.636 | 0.008 | 12 |
| Hatching success | 0.310 ± 0.11 | 0.097–0.515 | 2.873 | 0.004 | 11 |
| Young produced | 0.596 ± 0.16 | 0.286–0.906 | 3.772 | 0.0002 | 20 |
| % Breeding success | 0.219 ± 0.34 | −0.447 to 0.886 | 0.644 | 0.520 | 12 |
| Survival rate | 0.672 ± 0.35 | −0.007 to 1.351 | 1.939 | 0.053 | 7 |
| Combined | 0.489 ± 0.14 | 0.220–0.759 | 3.56 | 0.0004 | 38 |