Table 1.

Definitions and measures of individual and area level explanatory variables used in the study

Variables	Measures
Woman’s age (years)	Categorized as 15–24, 25–34, >35 years
Woman’s education	Categorized as none, primary, and secondary and higher
Woman’s occupation	Categorized as not working and working
Partner’s education	Categorized as no education, primary, and secondary and higher
Partner’s occupation	Grouped as not working and working
Household wealth index	Household wealth index was constructed based on ownership of durable items such as radio set, refrigerator, television, motor car, and quality of dwelling such as floor type or roof type using principal component analysis. This resulting index was then categorized into five quintiles: poorest, poorer, middle, rich, and richest
Place of residence	Rural or urban
Area economic disadvantage index	Constructed using principal component analysis based on:
	1. Proportion of respondents living in rural areas
	2. Proportion of the respondents who were unemployed
	3. Proportion of the respondents living below the poverty level (below 20% quintile)
	4. Proportion of the respondents who were uneducated
	This resulting index was then grouped as either low and high level of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage