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. 2012 Oct 23;69(1):48–53. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.03.009

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Four cardinal pillars of bioethical principles: justice (similar patients should receive similar care), nonmaleficence (do no harm), beneficence and autonomy (see text). (Taken with permission from Beauchamp, Tom; Childress James. Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press; 2001, ISBN 0-19-514332-9.)