Visual acuity |
Assessed in both the injured as well as the normal eye |
Ocular movements |
To rule out entrapment from an associated orbital floor fracture |
Orbits |
Orbits should be examined for bony deformity, foreign body, and globe displacement
|
Eyelids |
Eyelid and lacrimal injuries evaluated for possible deep injuries to the globe Even small lid lacerations may conceal vision-threatening globe perforations |
Conjunctiva |
Conjunctival lacerations may overlie more serious scleral injuries Severe conjunctival haemorrhage may indicate globe rupture |
Cornea/sclera |
Prolapse of the iris through a full-thickness corneal laceration may be visible Scleral buckling is indicative of rupture with extrusion of ocular contents Intraocular pressure will likely be low, but measurement is contraindicated More subtle or partially self-sealing corneal wounds may show a positive Seidel test |
Pupils |
Examined for shape, size, light reflex, and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) A peaked, teardrop-shaped, or otherwise irregular pupil may indicate globe rupture |
Anterior chamber |
Slit lamp examination may reveal corneal lacerations; iris prolapse; hyphaema from ciliary body disruption; and lens injuries, including dislocation or subluxation A shallow anterior chamber may be the only sign of occult globe rupture |
Other findings |
Vitreous haemorrhage after trauma suggests retinal or choroidal tear, optic nerve avulsion, or foreign body Retinal tears, oedema, detachments, and haemorrhage may accompany globe rupture |