Table 1.

Patient demographic data, hernia characteristics, and operative features.

Patient number	Age	Position and type of primary hernia	Primary repair	Etiology of recurrent hernia	Type of recurrent hernia	Final repair
1	54	Right, direct	TAPP	Small mesh	Direct	TAPP (without old mesh removal)
2	50	Left, indirect	TAPP	Mesh migration, fixation failure	Indirect	TAPP (with partial old mesh removal)
3	52	Right, indirect	TAPP	Small mesh	Indirect	TEP (with old mesh removal)
4	32	Right, direct	TEP	Missed hernia, no fixation	Indirect	TEP (without old mesh removal)
5	35	Right, direct	TEP	Small mesh, no fixation	Direct	TEP (without old mesh removal)