Statins upregulate small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (SmgGDS) in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β pathway. A, Expression of SmgGDS protein after incubating HUVECs with GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 for 24 hours (n=3). B and C, The effect of LY294002 (10 μmol/L), MK2206 (10 μmol/L), and AKT 1/2 inhibitor [AKT1/2i], 10 μmol/L on statin-induced SmgGDS upregulation in HUVECs (n=3). D, The effect of LY294002 (10 μmol/L), MK2206 (10 μmol/L), and AKT1/2i (10 μmol/L) on SB216763-induced SmgGDS upregulation in HUVECs (n=3). Results are expressed as mean±SEM. N.S. indicates not significant.