Table 2.
Odds Ratios for Lifetime Borderline Personality Disorder and Other Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders Associations
| Psychiatric Disorder | Total OR (99% CI) |
Men OR (99% CI) |
Women OR (99% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any Substance Use Disorder | 4.50 (3.57–5.71) | 4.42 (2.80–6.99) | 5.41 (4.10–7.14) |
| Substance abuse | 0.58 (0.42–0.81) | 0.46 (0.28–0.75) | 0.83 (0.53–1.30) |
| Substance dependence | 5.29 (4.27–6.54) | 5.21 (3.62–7.52) | 5.92 (4.55–7.69) |
| Any Alcohol Use Disorder | 3.36 (2.73–4.12) | 4.29 (2.90–6.33) | 3.80 (2.93–4.93) |
| Alcohol abuse* | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | 0.60 (0.41–0.89) | 1.14 (0.78–1.65) |
| Alcohol dependence | 5.38 (4.37–6.58) | 6.25 (4.52–8.62) | 5.92 (4.46–7.81) |
| Nicotine Dependence | 4.07 (3.32–4.98) | 3.75 (2.71–5.18) | 4.57 (3.51–5.92) |
| Any Drug Use Disorder | 5.78 (4.67–7.14) | 6.06 (4.39–8.33) | 6.54 (4.90–8.77) |
| Drug abuse | 2.63 (2.03–3.41) | 2.55 (1.76–3.70) | 3.08 (2.14–4.42) |
| Drug Dependence | 10.10 (7.69–13.33) | 9.52 (6.41–14.08) | 12.20 (8.26–17.86) |
| Any Mood Episode | 14.93 (11.63–19.61) | 13.51 (9.35–19.61) | 17.54 (12.20–25.64) |
| Major depressive episode | 11.76 (9.35–14.93) | 11.36 (8.13–15.87) | 13.16 (9.52–17.86) |
| Dysthymia | 8.33 (6.62–10.53) | 7.25 (4.76–10.99) | 8.85 (6.67–11.76) |
| Manic episode | 16.39 (13.33–20.41) | 16.95 (11.90–24.39) | 16.13 (12.20–21.28) |
| Hypomanic episode | 3.70 (2.71–5.05) | 2.62 (1.49–4.63) | 4.69 (3.22–6.80) |
| Any Anxiety Disorder | 14.29 (10.87–18.87) | 15.15 (10.20–22.22) | 14.71 (10.00–21.72) |
| Panic disorder with agoraphobia | 13.89 (10.20–18.87) | 13.33 (7.19–25.00) | 13.70 (9.71–19.61) |
| Panic disorder without agoraphobia* | 5.29 (4.12–6.85) | 7.52 (4.88–11.49) | 4.22 (3.09–5.78) |
| Social phobia | 9.17 (7.41–11.49) | 7.87 (5.49–11.24) | 10.10 (7.63–13.33) |
| Specific phobia | 5.03 (4.08–6.17) | 5.08 (3.61–7.09) | 5.03 (3.86–6.49) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 11.11 (9.01–13.70) | 11.36 (8.00–16.39) | 11.11 (8.55–14.49) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 10.42 (8.47–12.82) | 11.76 (8.40–16.67) | 10.00 (7.63–12.99) |
| Any Other Personality Disorder | 15.87 (12.82–19.61) | 14.93 (10.64–20.83) | 18.18 (13.70–23.81) |
| Any Cluster A PD | 20.83 (16.13–27.03) | 21.74 (14.71–33.33) | 20.00 (14.29–27.78) |
| Paranoid | 12.20 (8.93–16.39) | 10.87 (6.49–18.18) | 12.66 (8.70–18.52) |
| Schizoid | 14.29 (8.40–24.39) | 11.90 (5.46–25.64) | 17.24 (8.40–34.48) |
| Schizotypal | 111.11 (66.67–200.00) | 125.00 (55.56–250.00) | 100.00 (50.00–200.00) |
| Any Other Cluster B PD | 13.16 (10.42–16.39) | 13.89 (9.80–19.23) | 16.67 (11.90–23.26) |
| Histrionic | 14.49 (6.85–31.25) | 14.29 (4.18–50.00) | 14.93 (5.95–37.04) |
| Narcissistic | 55.56 (40.00–83.33) | 62.50 (40.00–100.00) | 55.56 (33.33–90.91) |
| Antisocial | 6.33 (4.76–8.40) | 6.33 (4.31–9.35) | 8.47 (5.46–13.16) |
| Any Cluster C PD | 9.52 (7.19–12.66) | 7.63 (4.72–12.35) | 10.87 (7.63–15.38) |
| Avoidant | 11.63 (7.87–17.24) | 7.81 (3.47–17.54) | 13.70 (8.70–21.74) |
| Dependent | 20.41 (9.71–41.67) | 12.82 (3.03–55.56) | 23.26 (10.20–52.63) |
| Obsessive-Compulsive | 7.75 (5.65–10.64) | 6.94 (4.15–11.63) | 8.40 (5.56–12.66) |
Note.
*
Signifies significant gender differences in the odds ratios for this disorder (p < .01).