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. 2013 Oct 30;8(10):e78733. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078733

Table 7. Muscle properties for each of the joint range of motion conditions.

Joint Range of Motion Muscle Group Min (m) Max (m) Extension (m) FL (m) Mass (kg) PCSA (m2) Tendon Length (m)
Best Estimate Ankle Ext 2.115 2.485 0.371 0.741 320.44 0.4095 1.559
Ankle Ext Knee Flex 2.340 3.462 1.122 2.245 400.55 0.1690 0.656
Ankle Flex 1.494 1.962 0.468 0.935 320.44 0.3244 0.793
Elbow Ext 1.802 2.360 0.558 1.116 589.89 0.5004 0.965
Elbow Ext Wrist Flex 2.104 3.189 1.086 2.171 382.34 0.1668 0.476
Elbow Flex 1.251 1.830 0.579 1.159 393.26 0.3213 0.382
Elbow Flex Wrist Ext 1.865 2.919 1.054 2.107 327.72 0.1473 0.285
Hip Ext 3.611 4.631 1.020 2.040 1922.62 0.8925 2.081
Hip Ext Knee Flex 2.419 3.656 1.238 2.476 1201.64 0.4597 0.562
Hip Flex 1.179 1.722 0.543 1.086 1281.75 1.1174 0.364
Hip Flex Knee Ext 2.620 4.235 1.616 3.231 1121.53 0.3287 0.196
Knee Ext 2.076 2.688 0.612 1.225 961.31 0.7433 1.157
Knee Flex 1.498 2.376 0.878 1.755 480.65 0.2593 0.182
Shoulder Ext 3.727 4.211 0.484 0.968 1573.05 1.5387 3.001
Shoulder Ext Elbow Flex 2.128 3.109 0.982 1.963 983.16 0.4743 0.655
Shoulder Flex 2.442 3.118 0.676 1.352 1048.70 0.7347 1.429
Shoulder Flex Elbow Ext 2.013 3.284 1.271 2.542 819.30 0.3053 0.107
Wrist Ext 1.522 2.004 0.482 0.963 262.18 0.2577 0.800
Wrist Flex 1.348 2.009 0.661 1.322 174.78 0.1252 0.357
Elephant Functional Ankle Ext 2.115 2.343 0.228 0.455 320.44 0.6666 1.774
Ankle Ext Knee Flex 2.685 3.259 0.574 1.147 400.55 0.3307 1.825
Ankle Flex 1.692 1.962 0.269 0.538 320.44 0.5636 1.289
Elbow Ext 1.905 2.112 0.206 0.413 589.89 1.3542 1.596
Elbow Ext Wrist Flex 2.090 2.820 0.731 1.461 382.34 0.2478 0.994
Elbow Flex 1.469 1.750 0.281 0.561 393.26 0.6634 1.048
Elbow Flex Wrist Ext 2.340 2.941 0.601 1.202 327.72 0.2583 1.439
Hip Ext 3.611 4.141 0.530 1.059 1922.62 1.7190 2.817
Hip Ext Knee Flex 2.677 3.359 0.682 1.364 1201.64 0.8343 1.654
Hip Flex 1.496 1.722 0.226 0.452 1281.75 2.6825 1.157
Hip Flex Knee Ext 3.366 3.959 0.593 1.187 1121.53 0.8950 2.476
Knee Ext 2.137 2.413 0.276 0.552 961.31 1.6492 1.723
Knee Flex 1.947 2.316 0.369 0.739 480.65 0.6161 1.393
Shoulder Ext 3.754 3.996 0.242 0.484 1573.05 3.0764 3.390
Shoulder Ext Elbow Flex 2.343 2.838 0.495 0.990 983.16 0.9400 1.600
Shoulder Flex 2.753 3.090 0.337 0.674 1048.70 1.4727 2.247
Shoulder Flex Elbow Ext 2.521 3.008 0.487 0.974 819.30 0.7962 1.790
Wrist Ext 1.659 2.084 0.425 0.850 262.18 0.2922 1.022
Wrist Flex 1.273 1.879 0.606 1.213 174.78 0.1365 0.363
Restricted Ankle Ankle Ext 2.002 2.172 0.170 0.340 320.44 0.8914 1.746
Ankle Ext Knee Flex 2.640 3.175 0.535 1.069 400.55 0.3547 1.838
Ankle Flex 1.904 2.055 0.151 0.301 320.44 1.0067 1.678
Elbow Ext 1.764 2.092 0.328 0.657 589.89 0.8508 1.272
Elbow Ext Wrist Flex 2.343 2.750 0.407 0.814 382.34 0.4445 1.732
Elbow Flex 1.501 1.854 0.353 0.707 393.26 0.5268 0.970
Elbow Flex Wrist Ext 2.403 2.757 0.354 0.709 327.72 0.4378 1.871
Hip Ext 3.611 4.377 0.766 1.531 1922.62 1.1888 2.462
Hip Ext Knee Flex 2.755 3.544 0.789 1.578 1201.64 0.7212 1.572
Hip Flex 1.364 1.722 0.358 0.717 1281.75 1.6939 0.826
Hip Flex Knee Ext 3.009 3.909 0.901 1.801 1121.53 0.5896 1.658
Knee Ext 2.041 2.363 0.323 0.645 961.31 1.4103 1.557
Knee Flex 2.027 2.406 0.379 0.759 480.65 0.6001 1.458
Shoulder Ext 3.700 4.022 0.323 0.645 1573.05 2.3085 3.216
Shoulder Ext Elbow Flex 2.307 2.963 0.656 1.312 983.16 0.7095 1.323
Shoulder Flex 2.711 3.146 0.435 0.870 1048.70 1.1415 2.058
Shoulder Flex Elbow Ext 2.343 3.044 0.701 1.401 819.30 0.5538 1.292
Wrist Ext 1.700 1.822 0.122 0.244 262.18 1.0178 1.517
Wrist Flex 1.632 1.825 0.193 0.386 174.78 0.4288 1.343