Table 3.
Serum Cotinine and Urinary Total NNAL by Cigarette Rod Length and Other Selected Characteristics Among Adults Aged ≥20 Years, NHANES 2007–2010 (N = 3,699)
| Characteristics | Serum cotinine (ng/ml), geometric mean (95% CI) | Unadjusted urinary total NNAL (ng/ml), geometric mean (95% CI) | Creatinine-adjusted urinary total NNAL (ng NNAL/mg of creatinine), geometric mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette length | |||
| Regular-sized cigarettes (68–72mm) | 173.13 (133.92–212.35) | 0.39 (0.26–0.51) | 0.34 (0.26–0.42) |
| King-sized cigarettes (79–88mm) | 213.79 (200.19–227.38) | 0.38 (0.33–0.42) | 0.33 (0.29–0.38) |
| Long (94–101mm) or ultralong (110–121mm) cigarettes | 263.15 (248.16–278.14) | 0.46 (0.42–0.5) | 0.48 (0.42–0.53) |
| Age, years | |||
| ≤24 | 171.93 (147.06–196.8) | 0.32 (0.24–0.39) | 0.23 (0.18–0.29) |
| 25–44 | 202.80 (182.58–223.02) | 0.41 (0.35–0.46) | 0.33 (0.28–0.38) |
| 45–64 | 269.05 (251.62–286.47) | 0.43 (0.39–0.47) | 0.48 (0.43–0.52) |
| ≥65 | 218.52 (197.01–240.02) | 0.40 (0.33–0.47) | 0.48 (0.38–0.58) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 224.31 (206.16–242.45) | 0.42 (0.37–0.46) | 0.34 (0.3–0.38) |
| Female | 221.63 (205.53–237.73) | 0.39 (0.35–0.43) | 0.43 (0.38–0.48) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 237.07 (222.49–251.65) | 0.45 (0.41–0.49) | 0.45 (0.4–0.5) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 262.43 (244.87–280.00) | 0.35 (0.32–0.38) | 0.24 (0.22–0.27) |
| Hispanic | 118.90 (104.10–133.70) | 0.25 (0.22–0.29) | 0.20 (0.18–0.23) |
| Other race, non-Hispanic | 191.25 (157.43–225.07) | 0.32 (0.22–0.41) | 0.29 (0.2–0.37) |
| Education level | |||
| <12 years | 237.20 (215.79–258.57) | 0.46 (0.40–0.52) | 0.43 (0.37–0.50) |
| =12 years/GED | 232.31 (214.73–249.89) | 0.41 (0.35–0.47) | 0.38 (0.33–0.43) |
| >12 years | 205.12 (186.94–223.30) | 0.36 (0.31–0.41) | 0.34 (0.30–0.38) |
| Poverty index ratio | |||
| Below federal poverty level | 226.45 (200.51–252.39) | 0.45 (0.39–0.52) | 0.40 (0.34–0.45) |
| At or above federal poverty level | 224.26 (210.01–238.51) | 0.40 (0.36–0.43) | 0.38 (0.34–0.42) |
| Body mass index | |||
| Underweight: <18.5 | 300.56 (241.78–359.34) | 0.53 (0.38–0.68) | 0.53 (0.43–0.63) |
| Normal weight: 18.5–24.9 | 243.49 (223.69–263.29) | 0.39 (0.34–0.44) | 0.41 (0.35–0.46) |
| Overweight: 25–29.9 | 218.42 (204.11–232.72) | 0.38 (0.33–0.43) | 0.37 (0.32–0.41) |
| Obese: ≥30 | 194.48 (174.08–214.89) | 0.43 (0.35–0.51) | 0.34 (0.28–0.4) |
| Presence of smoker in household | |||
| Yes | 266.26 (252.42–280.1) | 0.49 (0.44–0.54) | 0.47 (0.41–0.52) |
| No | 169.38 (156.7–182.07) | 0.30 (0.27–0.33) | 0.27 (0.25–0.3) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/living with partner | 223.65 (204.83–242.47) | 0.42 (0.37–0.47) | 0.39 (0.33–0.44) |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 253.96 (234.41–273.52) | 0.44 (0.39–0.49) | 0.47 (0.42–0.52) |
| Never married | 189.86 (172.17–207.54) | 0.32 (0.27–0.37) | 0.27 (0.22–0.32) |
| Tobacco use patterns | |||
| Cigarettes only | 223.46 (208.81–238.12) | 0.39 (0.36–0.43) | 0.37 (0.33–0.42) |
| Cigarettes combined with any other tobacco producta | 211.15 (144.37–277.94) | 0.81 (0.4–1.22) | 0.51 (0.33–0.7) |
| Cigarettes smoked per day | |||
| 1–10 | 167.80 (154.30–181.20) | 0.29 (0.26–0.33) | 0.26 (0.22–0.30) |
| 11–20 | 274.80 (260.20–289.30) | 0.50 (0.46–0.53) | 0.47 (0.43–0.51) |
| 21–30 | 326.40 (296.50–356.30) | 0.57 (0.51–0.64) | 0.58 (0.52–0.64) |
| >30 | 318.50 (296.10–341.00) | 0.73 (0.58–0.88) | 0.73 (0.63–0.82) |
Note. All data were weighted to account for the complex survey design. CI = confidence interval
aIncluding cigars, pipes, snuff, or chewing tobacco.